Demystifying the Terminology: From Septuagenarian to Senior
While the formal Latin-derived term for a person in their 70s is a septuagenarian, its usage is often reserved for formal writing or specific contexts. In contrast, everyday language and modern etiquette favor a more respectful and less clinical approach. Understanding the different options available and the nuances behind each can help you communicate with care and consideration.
The Breakdown of Age-Related Terms
Choosing the right words is about more than just vocabulary; it's about respect. Many traditionally used labels are now viewed as potentially ageist or derogatory.
Formal vs. Informal Language
- Formal: The term 'septuagenarian' (70-79 years) belongs to a series of specific age-based descriptors including sexagenarian (60s), octogenarian (80s), and nonagenarian (90s). These are accurate but can sound overly formal or even stuffy in casual settings.
- Informal: In a casual context, referring to someone by their name is always the safest and most respectful approach. Using general terms like 'older adult' or 'senior' is also common, but as we'll explore, even these have nuances.
Evolving Societal Norms: Why Some Terms Are Fading
Terms like "elderly" and "senior citizen" are becoming less popular due to evolving social sensitivities. Many older adults feel these terms are outdated or patronizing, often associating them with frailty or dependence. In reality, many people in their 70s are active, independent, and vibrant members of society. As a result, professional guidelines from organizations like the American Medical Association and the Associated Press now recommend more neutral and person-first language.
The Rise of Person-First Language
The shift towards person-first language—such as saying "older people" instead of "the elderly"—places the individual before their age or condition. This approach emphasizes a person's humanity rather than a label, promoting a more respectful and inclusive mindset. It avoids the risk of "othering," where a group is viewed as fundamentally different and potentially lesser than the speaker.
A Comparison of Age-Related Terminology
| Term | Age Range | Connotations | Usage Context | Best Practice |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septuagenarian | 70-79 years | Neutral, but formal and often perceived as archaic. | Formal writing, academic texts, journalism. | Use with caution; may not be appropriate in casual conversation. |
| Older Adult | Generally 65+ | Neutral, respectful, and inclusive. Focuses on the individual. | Medical settings, academic papers, general respectful conversation. | Widely accepted and recommended by experts. |
| Senior/Senior Citizen | Varies, but typically 65+ | Can be seen as outdated or patronizing by some. Implies a collective rather than an individual. | Marketing, discounts, casual conversation, self-identification. | Best to use only if you know the person prefers it. |
| The Elderly | Typically 75+ | Often viewed as negative and "othering." Can imply frailty or dependency. | Outdated; avoid if possible. | Avoid as it can be considered insensitive. |
| Person in their 70s | 70-79 years | Direct, factual, and neutral. Doesn't rely on potentially sensitive labels. | Everyday conversation, introductions, direct reference. | Excellent alternative for respectful and specific reference. |
Practical Tips for Respectful Communication
Navigating conversation respectfully is not difficult once you know the basic principles.
Ask for their preference
The simplest way to know how someone prefers to be addressed is to ask directly. Phrases like "What would you like me to call you?" or "Do you prefer a specific title?" are always appropriate.
Use names and titles
Using a person's name, or a respectful title such as "Mr.", "Ms.", or "Dr.", is a universally accepted sign of respect. This approach focuses on the individual's identity, not their age.
Context is key
In formal settings like a healthcare provider's office, terms like "older adult" are acceptable and professional. In social settings, the context will often dictate the best approach. When in doubt, default to using the person's name.
Avoid slang and generalizations
Phrases like "the golden years" or derogatory terms like "geezer" are disrespectful and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Focus on the person's individuality, experiences, and accomplishments rather than their age.
Remember the importance of tone
How you say something is often as important as what you say. A warm, friendly, and respectful tone can make a significant difference, regardless of the words you choose.
The Broader Context of Aging
Our language around aging is a reflection of our societal attitudes. As life expectancy increases, the definition of "old age" continues to evolve. Today's 70-year-olds are often healthier and more active than previous generations. Using language that reflects this reality helps to combat ageism and promote a more positive view of aging. For further reading on the importance of respectful communication, the American Geriatrics Society offers excellent resources on communicating with older patients.
Conclusion: Respect Over Labels
The most important takeaway is to prioritize respect and individuality over any specific label. While septuagenarian is the technical answer to what do you call a 70 year old person?, it's rarely the most appropriate or preferred term. Using person-first language, addressing individuals by name, and understanding the context of your conversation are the most reliable ways to show courtesy and respect. Ultimately, the goal is to see the person, not just their age, and to communicate in a way that honors their unique identity and life experience. By consciously choosing our words, we can help build a more inclusive and considerate society for people of all ages.
