Understanding the 'Why' Behind Wandering
Wandering is often not a random act but a behavior driven by underlying needs or triggers. For veterans, factors like trauma-related memories or an ingrained sense of duty can play a significant role. Common reasons for wandering include:
- Searching: The veteran may be looking for a lost item or trying to find a past location, such as their former home or workplace.
- Fulfilling a need: They may be seeking food, water, or the bathroom and become disoriented.
- Following a routine: Trying to follow a long-held daily routine, like going to work or the gym.
- Overstimulation or fear: Loud noises, a crowded environment, or even an unfamiliar setting can trigger anxiety, causing them to seek an escape.
- Boredom: A lack of engaging activities can lead to restlessness, prompting them to leave the house in search of stimulation.
Environmental Modifications for a Safer Home
Securing the living space is a fundamental step in preventing a veteran from wandering. It involves creating a controlled and safe environment that minimizes the opportunity and desire to leave without supervision.
- Lock it up: Install keyed deadbolts or locks that are placed either high or low, out of the veteran's direct line of sight. Camouflage doors by painting them the same color as the walls or covering them with removable curtains.
- Alarm systems: Use door and window alarms, motion sensors, or pressure-sensitive mats by the bed or front door. These will alert you when a door is opened or when the veteran is on the move.
- Secure car keys: Keep car keys, coats, purses, and wallets out of sight and reach to remove potential triggers for leaving.
- Label rooms: Clearly label rooms with simple signs and pictures to help with orientation and reduce confusion, especially for the bathroom.
- Remove tripping hazards: Ensure clear pathways by removing throw rugs, loose extension cords, and other clutter. Use nightlights in hallways and bathrooms to aid navigation at night.
The Power of Routine and Engagement
A predictable, structured daily routine can significantly reduce agitation and the impulse to wander. Meaningful activities can help channel restless energy and provide a sense of purpose.
- Maintain a consistent schedule: Establish regular times for waking up, meals, walks, and bedtime. People with memory problems often thrive on consistency.
- Incorporate meaningful activities: Engage the veteran in activities they enjoy and that provide a sense of accomplishment, such as folding laundry, listening to music, gardening, or simple puzzles.
- Include regular exercise: Supervised physical activity, like a daily walk around the block, can help reduce restlessness and improve sleep patterns.
- Address sundowning: If wandering occurs more frequently in the late afternoon or evening (known as "sundowning"), plan engaging activities during this time to redirect attention and reduce agitation.
Harnessing Technology for Increased Safety
Modern technology offers valuable tools for monitoring and locating a veteran who may wander.
- Wearable GPS trackers: Devices like watches, bracelets, or shoe inserts can provide real-time location tracking and are a vital safety net.
- Home monitoring systems: Bed or chair alarms, smart doorbells, and simple sensors can provide alerts when movement is detected where it shouldn't be. These are non-intrusive ways to monitor activity.
Tracking Device Comparison Table
| Feature | Wearable GPS Tracker | Pressure Mat/Alarm | Door/Window Alarm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best Use Case | Locating a person after they have wandered far from home. | Alerting caregiver when veteran leaves bed or crosses a threshold. | Notifying caregiver when an exit has been opened. |
| Key Advantages | Real-time location data, wide range, can be discreet. | Simple to use, affordable, immediate alert within the home. | Effective, inexpensive, and easy to install. |
| Key Disadvantages | Requires charging, veteran may remove it, can have a subscription fee. | Only effective indoors, veteran may learn to avoid it. | Can be triggered accidentally, does not provide location data outside. |
| Cost | Varies widely, often with a monthly service fee. | Generally low to moderate. | Generally low. |
Preparing for the Worst-Case Scenario
Despite the best prevention efforts, wandering can happen. Having a plan in place is crucial for a rapid and effective response.
- Establish a contact network: Inform neighbors, family, and local law enforcement that the veteran has a tendency to wander. Provide them with a recent photo and your contact information.
- Prepare an emergency information kit: Create a comprehensive document with the veteran's name, description, recent photo, medical conditions, medication list, and common destinations. Share this with law enforcement immediately if they go missing.
- Enroll in a wandering response service: Programs like MedicAlert or the Alzheimer's Association's Safe Return can provide 24/7 support and coordinate with local emergency services if a wandering incident occurs.
- Know when to call 911: Do not delay. If the veteran has wandered off and is not found within 15 minutes, call 911 and inform them the individual has dementia.
Accessing Veterans Affairs (VA) Resources
Caregivers of veterans have access to a network of specialized support programs through the VA. These resources can provide much-needed relief, training, and assistance with managing dementia-related behaviors.
- VA Caregiver Support Program: Offers clinical services, training, coaching, and referrals to help caregivers manage the demands of care. You can learn more here: VA Caregiver Support Program.
- Dementia Care Services: The VA provides a range of services for veterans with dementia, including in-home care, adult day health care, and respite care.
- Mental Health Support: Specialized programs can help veterans manage mental health conditions like PTSD and TBI, which may exacerbate wandering behaviors.
Conclusion
Preventing a veteran from wandering requires vigilance, planning, and a deep understanding of their individual needs. By implementing environmental safety measures, maintaining consistent routines, utilizing technology, and leveraging the resources available through the VA, caregivers can significantly reduce the risk of wandering and ensure the veteran's safety. This proactive approach not only protects your loved one but also empowers you as a caregiver, giving you the tools to manage this challenging aspect of dementia care effectively.
