Essential steps before you begin
Before you apply any lubricant, proper preparation is critical for both safety and effectiveness. Skipping these steps can cause more harm than good by trapping dirt or damaging electrical components.
Safety first: Power down the lift
First, always turn off and unplug the stairlift before performing any maintenance. Some models have a key or a power switch on the carriage that should be turned off. This prevents any accidental movement while you are working near the moving parts. If possible, lower the carriage to the bottom of the stairs to provide easy access to the entire track.
Clean the track and components
Cleaning is the most important step before lubrication. Dirt, dust, and pet hair can accumulate on the track, mixing with old grease to form a thick, solid residue that hinders performance. Use a soft, damp cloth to wipe down the entire length of the rail. Avoid using harsh chemical cleaners or solvents, as these can damage sensitive plastic or rubber components. For stubborn buildup, a light application of a product like WD-40 can help break down solidified grime, but it must be wiped clean immediately and never used as the final lubricant. Use a soft brush or vacuum with an attachment to clean the gear rack teeth and remove any lodged debris.
Choosing the right lubricant
Selecting the correct type of lubricant is crucial for your stairlift's longevity. Using the wrong product can attract dirt, cause parts to slide instead of roll, or even eat away at rubber components.
White lithium grease
For most rack-and-pinion drive systems, white lithium grease is the recommended choice. It's a heavy-duty lubricant that provides long-lasting protection against rust and friction. It is best applied in a thin, controlled coat to the gear rack teeth. For models with metal wheels, the entire rail may require a light coating as well.
Silicone-based lubricants
Some manufacturers, like Stannah, recommend a silicone-based lubricant, especially for models with non-metallic components. Silicone is effective for reducing friction on plastic or rubber parts and won't harm seals. It is also less likely to attract dust than oil-based products. Always check your manual for the manufacturer's specific recommendations.
Lubricating different types of stairlifts
Not all stairlifts are built the same, and the lubrication process varies depending on the drive system. Always consult your specific model’s owner's manual before proceeding, as some newer or direct-drive systems may not require any owner-applied lubrication.
Rack-and-pinion stairlifts
This is the most common type, found in many Acorn, Brooks, and Bruno stairlifts. The carriage's pinion gear travels along a toothed gear track, or rack, on the rail.
- Prepare the area: Position the stairlift at the bottom of the stairs and ensure it is powered off.
- Clean the rack: Thoroughly clean the gear rack and surrounding rail to remove all old grease and debris.
- Apply the lubricant: Using a nozzle applicator for pinpoint accuracy, apply a very thin coat of white lithium grease directly to the gear teeth of the rack. Some technicians recommend applying it with a gloved finger to avoid overspraying.
- Spread evenly: Run the stairlift up and down the track once or twice to help distribute the lubricant evenly across all gear teeth. Use a rag to wipe away any excess.
Chain-driven stairlifts
Some older or specific models may use a chain drive system. Lubricating these requires careful attention to avoid over-applying.
- Preparation: As with all models, power down and clean the track completely.
- Locate the chain: Identify the drive chain, which may be located along the rail or under the carriage.
- Apply lubricant carefully: Apply a minimal amount of the recommended lubricant directly to the chain. The goal is to lightly coat the chain links, not to drench the entire rail. A squeeze tube application is often better than a spray can to prevent overspray.
- Avoid over-lubrication: Excessive lubricant on the chain can fling off and create a mess or cause the carriage rollers to slide instead of roll correctly.
When to call a professional
Some manufacturers, like 1st Choice Stairlifts, advise against home lubrication entirely, preferring that it only be done by a qualified technician during an annual service. If you are elderly or have joint pain that makes this task difficult, it's also wise to ask a family member or technician for help. If your stairlift exhibits unusual noises, jerky movements, or you are unsure about the process, call a professional for an inspection.
Comparison of stairlift lubrication methods
| Feature | Do-it-yourself (DIY) Lubrication | Professional Annual Service |
|---|---|---|
| Expertise | Requires user knowledge of the specific model and lubricant type. Potential for mistakes. | Carried out by a trained and qualified engineer who knows the exact requirements. |
| Safety | Requires strict adherence to safety precautions, like powering down the unit completely. | Performed by an expert who is experienced in lift maintenance and safety protocols. |
| Tools Needed | Appropriate cleaner, rags, vacuum, and the specific manufacturer-recommended lubricant. | Technician has specialized tools and lubricants for various models. |
| Components Covered | Primarily focuses on the visible track and gear rack; other parts might be missed. | Comprehensive check of all moving parts, including internal components, battery, and safety systems. |
| Cost | Costs only for the materials needed (cleaner and lubricant). | Incurs a service fee, but provides peace of mind and professional assurance. |
| Risk | High risk of damage if wrong lubricant is used or if applied incorrectly. | Low risk of damage. The technician is liable for the work performed. |
Conclusion: A simple routine for smooth sailing
Keeping your stairlift properly lubricated is an important part of routine maintenance that can help it operate safely and quietly for years. Remember the key steps: always power down the unit, thoroughly clean the track and gear rack first, and use only the lubricant recommended by your manufacturer—typically a thin coat of white lithium grease for rack-and-pinion systems. While some light maintenance can be done at home, especially for noise-related issues, an annual professional service check is the best way to ensure all systems are functioning optimally. When in doubt, it is always safest to consult the manufacturer or a certified technician.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of lubricant should I use for my stairlift?
Check your owner's manual for the manufacturer's recommendation. For most rack-and-pinion systems, white lithium grease is the standard. For other systems or for lubricating non-metallic parts, a silicone-based lubricant may be recommended instead.
How often should I lubricate my stairlift?
While it varies by model, many manufacturers suggest lubricating the track every two to six months, especially if you notice increased noise or a less smooth ride. A professional service technician can also perform lubrication during an annual inspection.
Do I need to clean the track before lubricating?
Yes, cleaning the track is a critical first step. You must remove all old grease, dirt, and debris to prevent it from mixing with the new lubricant and creating a buildup that can clog the system.
Can I use WD-40 to lubricate my stairlift?
No, WD-40 is not a suitable long-term lubricant for stairlifts. It can be used sparingly as a cleaner to break down old, caked-on grease, but must be wiped off completely before applying the correct lubricant. WD-40 contains petroleum products that can damage plastic and rubber components.
What should I do if I see black marks on the rail?
Black marks are often caused by dust and debris getting compacted under the stairlift carriage and mixing with existing grease. These can be wiped clean with a damp rag. Regular cleaning can prevent this from occurring.
My stairlift still makes noise after I lubricated it. What’s wrong?
If lubrication doesn't solve a noise issue, it could indicate a more serious mechanical problem, such as worn components or a battery issue. In this case, it is best to contact a qualified technician for a full inspection.
Is it okay for me to lubricate my own stairlift?
Some stairlift companies recommend that only qualified technicians perform lubrication during an annual service. However, many others provide guidelines for owner maintenance. Always check your manufacturer's specific instructions and only proceed if you are confident and physically able to do the job safely.
