Immediate actions: Assess and prepare
When someone falls, the initial moments are critical. Your first instinct may be to rush and help, but it's vital to stay calm and assess the situation to prevent further injury.
Step 1: Stay calm and communicate
Talk to the person to reassure them and keep them calm. Explain that you are going to help, but you need to check a few things first.
Step 2: Check for injuries
Before attempting any movement, look for signs of injury, such as bleeding, swelling, or visible pain. Ask them if they are in pain anywhere, particularly in the head, neck, hips, or back. If they report pain or seem disoriented, do not move them and call emergency services immediately.
Step 3: Clear the area
If there are no apparent serious injuries, clear the space around the person. Remove any items like loose rugs, furniture, or electrical cords that could interfere with the lifting process.
No-equipment method: The chair technique
If the individual is conscious, cooperative, and shows no signs of injury, you can assist them using a sturdy, non-rolling chair. This method relies on the individual's remaining strength and proper caregiver guidance.
- Help them roll to their side: Gently assist the person in rolling onto their side and resting for a moment to regain composure. This helps prevent dizziness upon rising.
- Move to hands and knees: Guide them into a crawling position on their hands and knees, if they are able.
- Position the chair: Place a sturdy chair in front of them. Ensure the chair will not slide and lock any wheels if applicable.
- Use the chair for support: Coach the person to place their hands firmly on the chair seat and slowly push up, using their arms and legs to get into a kneeling lunge position.
- Transition to seated: Position another chair behind them and support their back and hips gently as they push up with their legs and sit down. Ensure they are stable before releasing your support.
Assistive devices for safer lifts
For individuals with very limited mobility or who are heavier, relying on manual lifting can be dangerous for both the caregiver and the disabled person. Specialized equipment can make the process significantly safer and easier.
Comparison of lifting devices
| Device | Method | Benefits | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hoyer/Patient Lift | Uses a sling and hydraulic or electric mechanism to lift | Suitable for complete immobility, reduces caregiver strain, very safe for patient. | Can be bulky, requires training to operate, higher cost. |
| Inflatable Lifting Cushion (e.g., Mangar Elk) | Inflatable cushion inflates to gently lift the person from the floor | Very portable, comfortable for the person being lifted, relatively simple to operate. | Requires a power source, weight capacity limitations. |
| Human Floor Lift (e.g., IndeeLift) | A chair-like device that scoots under a person and lifts them electically | Self-operated versions available, maintains dignity, less invasive than a sling. | Can be expensive, requires space to maneuver. |
| Gait/Transfer Belt | Belt with handles worn by the person to provide a secure grip for the caregiver. | Simple, inexpensive, and effective for those who can bear partial weight. | Not suitable for lifting someone who is completely immobile or has a full fall. |
Important caregiver techniques
Caregivers must protect their own bodies from injury. Following proper body mechanics is non-negotiable when assisting a disabled person.
- Bend your knees, not your back: Always lift with your legs and keep your back straight to avoid strain.
- Keep the weight close: Stand as close to the person as possible to maintain balance and use your body's full strength.
- Pivot your feet: Turn by moving your feet rather than twisting your waist, which can cause back injury.
- Communicate effectively: Throughout the process, tell the person exactly what you are doing so they know what to expect and can help as much as possible.
When to call for professional help
There are clear signs that indicate you should not attempt a lift and should instead call 911 or another emergency service.
- Signs of injury: If the person is unconscious, bleeding, or complains of severe pain.
- Inability to move: If they cannot bear weight on a limb or are unable to assist in the movement, attempting a manual lift can cause more harm.
- Suspected head or spinal injury: Any fall involving the head or leading to confusion or loss of consciousness requires immediate medical attention.
- Doubt: If you feel unsure or unable to complete the lift safely, the correct choice is always to call for professional help. Many non-emergency medical services can also assist with lifts.
Conclusion: Prioritizing safety and dignity
Assisting a disabled person who has fallen requires a combination of clearheaded assessment, proper technique, and, when necessary, the right equipment. By prioritizing safety for both parties, using established methods like the chair technique, and investing in appropriate assistive devices, caregivers can manage these situations with confidence and compassion. Always remember that patient dignity and safety come first. Regularly reviewing your approach and being prepared with emergency numbers are the best ways to ensure a successful outcome. For more detailed information on safe patient handling, visit the official site for The California Department of Social Services.
Prevention is key
Proactive measures are often the best solution. Fall prevention strategies, such as conducting a home safety check, removing trip hazards, ensuring adequate lighting, and using grab bars, can significantly reduce the risk of falls in the first place. Encouraging regular exercise for balance and strength is also a powerful preventive tool.
