How to Move an Electric Wheelchair: A Comprehensive Safety Guide

Approximately 3.6 million Americans use wheelchairs, with a growing number opting for electric models for enhanced mobility. This guide provides authoritative, step-by-step instructions on how to move an electric wheelchair safely and efficiently, whether powered or manually.

Quick Summary

Moving an electric wheelchair involves either using the powered joystick for normal operation or engaging manual freewheel levers to push it when unpowered, like for transport or emergencies.

Key Points

• Engage Freewheel Levers: To move an electric wheelchair manually, you must first turn off the power and engage the freewheel levers, typically located near the rear wheels, to disengage the motors.

• Use Proper Pushing Technique: When pushing, maintain good posture, use a wide stance, and push from the main frame to avoid back strain and ensure stability, especially on inclines.

• Secure for Vehicle Transport: For transport in a vehicle, always use appropriate ramps, lifts, or tie-down straps to securely fasten the unoccupied chair, and always measure dimensions beforehand.

• Perform Regular Maintenance: Routine checks on the battery, tires, and controls are essential for safe operation and preventing unexpected breakdowns that require manual movement.

• Prioritize Safety First: Always communicate with the user, check for obstructions, and ensure the power is off before attempting to manually push or transport the wheelchair.

Understanding Your Electric Wheelchair's Movement Modes

Electric wheelchairs, or power chairs, offer different methods for movement depending on the situation. The two primary modes are powered movement via the joystick and manual movement using the freewheel levers. Each method requires specific knowledge to be performed safely and correctly, preventing damage to the chair or injury to the user or caregiver.

How to Move an Electric Wheelchair Manually

Moving a power chair manually is necessary when the battery is low, during a mechanical fault, or for short-distance repositioning. The key is to disengage the motors, which allows the wheels to spin freely. This process is called 'freewheeling.'

Locating and Engaging Freewheel Levers

1. Turn off the power: The very first step is to turn the wheelchair's power completely off to prevent accidental movement and damage to the motors.
2. Locate the levers: Freewheel levers are typically located near the rear drive wheels, often on the motor housing. They are sometimes marked with a bright color, like yellow, for visibility.
3. Disengage the motors: Push or pull the levers (the direction can vary by model) to the 'freewheel' or 'neutral' position. You should hear and feel a click as the motors disengage.
4. Confirm freewheel mode: Try to push the chair gently. If the wheels turn freely, you have successfully engaged the manual mode. If there is resistance, double-check the levers on both sides of the chair.

Safe Manual Pushing Techniques

• Use a wide stance and bend your knees to protect your back. The chair is heavy, so proper body mechanics are crucial.
• Push from the main frame or push handles, not the armrests, which are not designed for pushing force.
• Communicate with the person in the chair to ensure they are ready and stable before you move.
• Avoid pushing on slopes or uneven terrain, as the weight can become difficult to control.

Transporting an Electric Wheelchair in a Vehicle

Moving a power chair into a vehicle requires careful planning and the right equipment to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

Vehicle-Based Transport Options

• Ramps: For vehicles like vans or SUVs, a portable ramp allows you to roll the unoccupied chair into the vehicle. Ensure the ramp is rated for the chair's weight and secured properly. Never drive the chair up a ramp while occupied unless it is a permanent, purpose-built vehicle ramp.
• Lifts: Vehicle lifts, which can be external (mounted to the bumper) or internal, automate the lifting process. The user or caregiver must still secure the chair using tie-down straps or docking systems.
• Accessible Vehicles: Specially modified vans or vehicles are the most convenient option, featuring built-in ramps or lifts and securement systems.

Checklist for Transport

1. Measure the wheelchair and vehicle dimensions to ensure a proper fit.
2. Remove any detachable parts, such as footrests, to make the chair more compact.
3. Turn off the power and secure the chair using tie-down straps or a locking system.
4. If using a lift, follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely.
5. Inform the driver that a wheelchair is being transported.

What to Do During an Emergency or Battery Failure

In the event of a power outage or battery depletion while occupied, a person may need assistance.

• Engage Freewheel Mode: With the user still in the chair, a helper should engage the freewheel levers to allow the chair to be pushed. Communicate clearly with the user to prevent startling them.
• Use Proper Technique: As described above, use proper posture and push steadily. For occupied chairs, always have two people push if possible to better distribute the weight and maintain control.
• Emergency Service: If the issue is a complete malfunction and you are unable to move the chair manually, it may be necessary to call for a technician or specialized transport service.

Comparison of Electric Wheelchair Movement Methods

Feature	Joystick (Powered Movement)	Freewheel (Manual Pushing)	Vehicle Transport (Ramp/Lift)
Use Case	Everyday use, independent movement	Battery failure, short-distance moving, emergencies	Long-distance travel, vehicle loading/unloading
Energy Source	Internal battery	Caregiver/helper strength	Vehicle power or lift mechanism
Speed	Controlled by joystick	Depends on human effort, typically slower	Controlled by vehicle, lift speed is fixed
Effort	Minimal for user, none for helper	High, especially on uneven ground	Variable, depending on method (ramps require more effort)
Safety Risk	User error, overspeeding	Loss of control on slopes, back strain	Improper securement, ramp angle

Regular Maintenance for Safe Movement

Proper maintenance is vital for ensuring your power chair moves smoothly and safely. Regular checks can prevent many of the issues that necessitate manual movement.

1. Battery Health: Check the battery level before each outing and follow the manufacturer's charging guidelines to prevent unexpected power loss.
2. Tire Condition: Inspect tires for proper inflation, tread wear, and debris. Worn tires can affect traction and control.
3. Controls: Ensure the joystick and all control buttons are responsive and functioning correctly.
4. Hardware: Periodically check all nuts, bolts, and fasteners to ensure they are secure.
5. Professional Service: Schedule annual check-ups with a qualified technician to inspect motors, electronics, and overall function. You can find more information on wheelchair maintenance from trusted sources like the National Spinal Cord Injury Association.

Conclusion

Knowing how to move an electric wheelchair is a critical skill for both users and caregivers. By understanding the different modes of operation—powered joystick, manual freewheeling, and assisted vehicle transport—you can handle any situation with confidence. Always prioritize safety by following the correct procedures for disengaging motors, using proper pushing techniques, and securing the chair for travel. Regular maintenance further ensures that the chair operates reliably, keeping the user mobile and secure.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I put my electric wheelchair in freewheel mode?

To put your electric wheelchair in freewheel mode, first turn the power off. Then, locate the freewheel levers, usually found near the rear wheels, and push or pull them to the disengaged position. This allows the wheels to move freely.

Is it safe to push a person in an electric wheelchair?

It is safe to push an occupied electric wheelchair only after you have engaged the freewheel levers to disengage the motors. Always communicate with the user and ensure you are on a flat, even surface. Due to the chair's weight, pushing an occupied chair should be limited to short distances or emergencies.

Can I push an electric wheelchair with the power on?

No, you should never push an electric wheelchair with the power on and the motors engaged. Doing so can cause significant damage to the motors and gearboxes and create a dangerous situation for the user.

What is the best way to transport an electric wheelchair in a car?

The best way depends on the vehicle and chair. Options include portable ramps for vans, vehicle lifts mounted to the exterior, or an accessible vehicle with built-in ramps. Always ensure the chair is properly secured with tie-down straps.

What should I do if the battery dies while I'm using the wheelchair?

If the battery dies, you will need to switch the chair to manual freewheel mode. Locate the levers and disengage the motors so a caregiver or helper can push the chair to a safe location for charging.

How do I know if my freewheel levers are in the correct position?

When the levers are in the 'drive' position, the wheels should be locked and you will not be able to push the chair. When properly engaged in 'freewheel' mode, the wheels will spin freely with minimal resistance.

How do I move an unoccupied electric wheelchair safely?

To move an unoccupied electric wheelchair, first turn it off and then engage the freewheel levers. Use proper lifting and pushing techniques, especially if lifting it into a vehicle, and ensure the chair is securely strapped down during transport.