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Why will population decline after 2100?

According to projections from *The Lancet*, the world population will likely peak around 2064 and begin a slow decline thereafter, reaching 8.8 billion by 2100—nearly 2 billion lower than previous estimates. This demographic reversal begs the question, **why will population decline after 2100**? The answer lies in a complex interplay of social, economic, and cultural forces changing human reproduction and longevity.