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What Are the 9 Hallmarks of Ageing? A Comprehensive Guide

According to pioneering research, the complex process of aging is driven by nine distinct, interconnected molecular and cellular changes, known as the hallmarks of ageing. Understanding what are the 9 hallmarks of ageing is fundamental for anyone interested in healthy aging and longevity science. These biological mechanisms collectively contribute to the decline in physiological integrity and function over time, increasing vulnerability to age-related diseases.