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Understanding the Vicious Cycle: What is the interrelation between ROS and ca2+ in aging and age-related diseases?

With increasing age, the intricate balance of cellular function and signaling becomes more fragile. The intricate and bidirectional interrelation between ROS and $Ca^{2+}$ in aging and age-related diseases represents a dangerous feedback loop that can drive widespread cellular damage and organ dysfunction. This dynamic interplay is far more complex than a simple cause-and-effect relationship.