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What are some complex traits that show a paternal age effect?

The average age of first-time fathers has steadily increased over recent decades in many developed nations. This societal trend has brought significant attention to the complex traits that show a paternal age effect (PAE), a phenomenon where the biological father's age at conception is statistically linked to certain health outcomes in his offspring. The biological underpinnings, including genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, offer crucial insights into this association.