Understanding the Risk of Pressure Ulcers and Positioning Issues
One of the most significant concerns with geri chairs is the increased risk of pressure ulcers (also known as bed sores). Prolonged sitting places consistent pressure on bony areas like the tailbone and hips, restricting blood flow and causing tissue damage. This risk is compounded by several factors:
- Limited Repositioning: Many geri chair users lack the muscular strength or mobility to shift their weight independently, leaving them dependent on staff for regular repositioning.
- Inadequate Support: Standard geri chairs are often a "one-size-fits-all" solution and may not provide the contoured support needed for proper weight distribution. As a result, users may slump or slide, leading to further poor positioning.
- Skin Shearing: The fixed reclining function in many chairs can cause the user's skin to slide and shear against the upholstery, which can also contribute to pressure sores.
Mobility and Dependence Challenges
While designed to assist with mobility, geri chairs can inadvertently lead to decreased patient independence if not used appropriately. By confining individuals for extended periods, geri chairs can cause several problems:
- Reduced Physical Activity: Confinement can lead to a decrease in regular physical activity, which is critical for health maintenance, muscle tone, and independence.
- Increased Dependency: When patients spend significant time in geri chairs, they may become more dependent on caregivers, leading to muscle atrophy and decreased motivation for self-ambulation.
- Social Isolation: Remaining in a fixed position or facing the ceiling can hinder a patient's ability to socialize and participate in daily activities, potentially leading to isolation and depression.
Mechanical and Maintenance Failures
Geri chairs, particularly power models, rely on various mechanical and electrical components that can fail over time. Caregivers and patients must be aware of potential issues to ensure safe operation:
- Reclining Mechanism Problems: Mechanisms can become stiff, unresponsive, or fail entirely due to a lack of lubrication, worn springs, or broken cables.
- Motor or Power Issues: For electric models, problems with the motor, power supply, or remote control can cause the chair to fail to recline or lift. A power outage can also render a chair inoperable if it lacks a battery backup.
- Wheel and Brake Issues: Wheels can become wobbly or lock up due to loose bolts. It is vital to inspect and maintain the wheel locks, which are crucial for safe transfers but are not meant to function as brakes while in motion.
- Upholstery Wear and Tear: The vinyl or fabric covering can tear or wear out over time, especially with heavy use or exposure to sunlight. Damaged upholstery can be uncomfortable and difficult to clean effectively.
Safety Hazards
Beyond mechanical failures, geri chairs present several safety risks if used improperly or without proper supervision:
- Risk of Falls: Improper transfers, especially when the footrest is elevated, can lead to falls. Studies have also documented cases of falls from power recliners when users with cognitive decline attempted to activate the lift function.
- Pinch Points: The scissor-style reclining mechanism can create pinch points, posing a risk of injury to hands and feet if proper safety guards are missing or damaged.
- Tip Hazards: For some models, tipping can occur if a person sits on the footrest or if the chair is used on an incline greater than 9 degrees.
- Restraint Misuse: In some cases, caregivers may resort to improper restraints like seatbelts or lap trays to keep patients seated safely. This practice is a major safety concern and can cause agitation, frustration, and injury.
Geri Chair vs. Positioning Wheelchair
Choosing the right equipment depends heavily on the user's specific needs. For individuals requiring advanced postural support and pressure management, a standard geri chair may be inadequate.
| Feature | Standard Geri Chair | High-Quality Positioning Wheelchair |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Function | General-purpose comfort seating. | Precise clinical positioning and pressure management. |
| Adjustability | Limited recline positions, minimal adjustability for different body types. | Highly adjustable features for individual postural needs. |
| Pressure Relief | Poor pressure-relieving qualities; may require extra cushions. | Excellent pressure management built-in, reducing pressure sore risk. |
| Cost | Generally more affordable. | More expensive, but cost-effective in the long run by preventing injuries. |
| Mobility | Basic mobility; not designed for independent patient propulsion. | Designed for specific mobility needs, with options for self-propulsion. |
Conclusion
While geri chairs offer comfort and convenience, they are not without their drawbacks. From the heightened risk of pressure ulcers and inhibited mobility to potential mechanical failures and safety hazards, these issues must be addressed with proactive care and proper equipment selection. Caregivers and healthcare professionals should conduct regular patient assessments to ensure the chair continues to meet their needs, reposition users frequently, and perform routine maintenance to prevent complications. For users with complex needs, investing in a more specialized positioning wheelchair can prevent serious and costly injuries in the long term. A comprehensive approach that includes education, vigilant monitoring, and appropriate equipment selection is key to maximizing the benefits of geri chairs while minimizing the common problems associated with them.
Visit Rehabmart for more information on selecting the right geri chair for your needs.
