The Science Behind High-Contrast Plates and Dementia
For many individuals with dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, changes in the brain can lead to visual-spatial perception issues. This can cause difficulties distinguishing objects from their surroundings, a problem known as visual neglect. A white plate on a white or pale tablecloth can essentially render the food invisible, a phenomenon sometimes called 'the vanishing plate effect.' A simple and powerful solution is to use high-contrast dinnerware, making the food and the plate much easier to perceive and interact with.
The Pioneering Research on Color and Appetite
Initial research into this area, spearheaded by psychologists at Boston University, found remarkable results. Their 2004 study demonstrated that when advanced Alzheimer's patients were given bright red plates, their food intake significantly increased compared to when they ate from standard white plates. This wasn't just a minor improvement; it was a substantial 25% increase. The theory suggests that the vibrant, high-contrast color stimulates the patient's attention, drawing their focus to the food and encouraging them to eat more.
Choosing the Right Colors for Maximum Impact
While red is a top contender backed by research, other colors can be highly effective depending on the dining environment and the individual's needs. The key principle is contrast, not just the specific color itself.
The Power of Red
The color red is known to evoke strong reactions and is one of the most visible colors on the spectrum. Its ability to draw attention makes it an excellent choice for stimulating appetite and ensuring the meal is noticed. For caregivers, selecting red plates, bowls, and even cups can be a game-changer.
Other Effective Contrast Colors
- Orange: Bright orange can have a similar effect to red, offering strong contrast against many foods.
- Blue and Green: These can also be effective, especially darker shades contrasted with lighter food items. However, some sources suggest dark blue may have appetite-suppressing qualities, which could be beneficial for individuals who need to manage their caloric intake, but should be used with caution.
Colors to Approach with Caution
- White: As mentioned, white on white creates a low-contrast environment that can lead to decreased food intake. It should be avoided when possible.
- Black: For some with Lewy body dementia, black items or dark mats can be perceived as holes, creating anxiety. Caregivers should be mindful of this potential perception.
A Guide to Setting the Table for Success
Implementing the findings about what color plates are best for dementia patients involves more than just a single piece of dinnerware. The entire dining environment contributes to a positive and successful mealtime.
- Use a High-Contrast Placemat or Tablecloth: If a bright plate isn't available, or for added effect, use a placemat or tablecloth that provides a strong contrast. A red plate on a white cloth, or a yellow plate on a blue cloth, will both be highly visible.
- Simplify the Table Setting: Reduce clutter. An overly busy table with multiple utensils, napkins, and glasses can be overwhelming. Provide only the necessary items.
- Ensure Proper Lighting: Good, natural lighting is best. Shadows and glare can create confusion and make it harder to see the food.
- Serve One Course at a Time: Offering a large plate with multiple food items can be visually complex. Serving one item at a time or using plates with dividers can make the meal less overwhelming.
- Use Contrast for Drinkware: The same rules apply to cups. A bright red or orange mug for water or tea can encourage better hydration. Ensure the cup's color contrasts with the beverage.
Choosing the Right Dinnerware
Beyond color, the practical aspects of dinnerware are crucial for promoting independence and safety.
- Durability: Look for non-breakable materials like melamine, plastic, or durable stoneware.
- Non-slip Bases: Rubberized or silicone bases can prevent plates from sliding, reducing spills and frustration.
- Handles and Edges: Wider, easy-to-grip handles on mugs and contoured plate edges can assist with motor skills.
| Plate Color | Potential Effects on Dining | Optimal Contrast Pairing |
|---|---|---|
| Bright Red | Stimulates appetite, increases food intake, highly visible | White, beige, light-colored food |
| Orange | Draws attention, similar benefits to red, energizing | Dark green, blue, brown food |
| White/Beige | Low contrast, food may 'disappear', potential for reduced intake | Avoid, or pair with very dark tablecloth |
| Dark Blue/Green | High contrast, can be calming, may suppress appetite | Light-colored food (mashed potatoes, pasta) |
| Black | High contrast, but may be perceived as a hole by some | Cautious use, ensure it doesn't cause anxiety |
The Holistic Approach to Mealtime
While knowing what color plates are best for dementia patients is a powerful tip, it's part of a broader strategy for creating a supportive dining experience. The goal is to reduce frustration and promote a sense of calm and dignity during meals. Combining high-contrast dinnerware with a simplified, well-lit environment can make a significant difference in the nutritional status and overall well-being of someone with dementia.
For more detailed information on the specific study, a great resource is the article published on the Boston University Arts & Sciences website. Incorporating these visual aids is a simple but effective step toward enhancing the daily life of those with cognitive decline.
Conclusion: Small Changes, Big Impact
Mealtime can become a source of stress for both the person with dementia and their caregiver. However, small adjustments can have a profound positive impact. By leveraging the principles of color and contrast, particularly through the use of bright, high-contrast dinnerware, you can address one of the key challenges of dining with dementia. These simple visual cues can help reconnect the individual with their food, leading to improved appetite, better hydration, and a more pleasant and nourishing experience for everyone involved.
