What is the most appropriate term?
For people in long-term care settings like nursing homes, assisted living, and retirement communities, the most appropriate and universally accepted term is residents. This terminology is a cornerstone of modern, person-centered care, which emphasizes the individuality and autonomy of those receiving services. The word “resident” conveys that the facility is their home and community, not just a place for medical treatment.
Using the right language is part of providing dignified, respectful care. Many long-term care homes have moved away from institutionalized language that can strip individuals of their identity. For instance, referring to a person by their name, instead of a room number or medical condition, reinforces their self-worth and personhood. This emphasis on personal identity contributes to a higher quality of life for residents.
Comparing different terms for people in care
Different terms are used in various healthcare settings, but they carry distinct meanings and implications. Understanding the difference is key to showing respect and professionalism.
| Term | Common Usage | Implication | Appropriate in LTC? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resident | Long-term care facilities, assisted living, retirement homes. | Emphasizes the long-term living arrangement and community aspect; views the facility as the person's home. | Yes, highly recommended. |
| Patient | Hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers. | Focuses on a person's medical condition and need for treatment. Suggests a temporary, health-focused stay. | Sometimes, but only in specific medical contexts. Not for general use. |
| Client | Home care services, social services, therapy. | Refers to someone receiving a specific professional service. Treats the relationship as a business transaction. | Occasionally in home care, but generally less personal for facility living. |
| Consumer | Health plans, specific social services, marketing materials. | Views the person as a user of a service, often with a focus on their purchasing power. | Least personal and often discouraged. |
Why language matters in long-term care
Words have a powerful impact on how people are perceived and treated. In the context of long-term care, shifting from institutionalized language to person-centered language has become a critical part of care reform. This movement recognizes that a person's identity is not defined by their disability, age, or medical condition. For example, calling someone 'the diabetic in room 203' is not only dehumanizing but also entirely dismissive of their life story, accomplishments, and personality.
Respectful communication is also crucial for building trust between residents and caregivers. When staff ask for an individual's preference on how to be addressed—whether by their first name, a title like 'Mrs. Jones,' or a specific pronoun—it shows that their opinion is valued. This simple act reinforces their autonomy and empowers them to be an active participant in their own care decisions. Disrespectful language, conversely, can lead to mistrust and anxiety, negatively affecting their well-being.
- Promotes dignity: Using respectful terms helps maintain a person’s dignity and self-respect, regardless of their health status or living situation.
- Builds relationships: Thoughtful language fosters a stronger, more trusting relationship between residents and staff.
- Supports autonomy: Asking individuals how they wish to be addressed is a small but important way to honor their choices and preferences.
- Fights stigma: Avoiding dehumanizing labels helps to combat the negative stigma often associated with long-term care and disability.
Best practices for communication in long-term care
For staff, family, and visitors, using the right language is key to creating a positive and respectful environment. The best approach is to always prioritize the individual person.
Here are some best practices:
- Ask and listen: When meeting a new resident, simply ask them how they prefer to be addressed. Their preference is the only one that truly matters.
- Use person-first language: Where appropriate, use person-first phrasing, such as “a person with dementia,” rather than “a demented person.” This places the focus on the person first.
- Avoid infantilizing terms: Never use childish or condescending terms like “honey,” “sweetheart,” or “dear” unless specifically requested and with a pre-established, trusted relationship.
- Engage in active conversation: Talk to the resident, not about them, especially when they are present. Engage them in meaningful conversation about their life and interests.
Conclusion
Ultimately, deciding what you call people in long-term care comes down to respect, dignity, and a focus on person-centered care. While “residents” is the most accepted blanket term for those living in these facilities, the most respectful approach is to address each individual by their preferred name and title. By honoring their personal preferences, caregivers, family, and visitors help create an empowering and respectful environment that treats the facility as a home rather than an institution.
