The Most Respectful and Widely Accepted Term: "Resident"
When addressing the query, the most correct and respectful term for someone living in a nursing home is "resident." This choice of language is not arbitrary; it is a conscious effort to focus on the individual's personhood and humanity, rather than their medical status alone. Calling a nursing home a "residence" shifts the perception from a temporary hospital stay to a more permanent, established living arrangement, which is a significant factor for many long-term care occupants. By using the term "resident," care providers, family members, and the public reinforce the idea that the facility is their home. This simple change in terminology can have a profound impact on an individual's sense of self-worth and belonging. It's a foundational principle in person-centered care, a model of care that emphasizes respecting the dignity and individuality of each person.
Understanding the Distinction: "Resident" vs. "Patient"
While the term "patient" might be used in a hospital setting, it is generally considered less appropriate for someone in a long-term nursing home. The distinction is important and depends heavily on the context:
When to Use "Resident"
- In Everyday Communication: When referring to the individual in a general context, emphasizing their place of abode within the community.
- In Legal and Administrative Documentation: Official documents from facilities, state governments, and federal agencies like the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) almost exclusively use the term "resident".
- During Social Interactions: When interacting socially with the individual or their family, using "resident" is a sign of respect for their living situation.
When "Patient" May Be Used
- Strictly Medical Contexts: Within a hospital or during a specific medical consultation where the individual is receiving a defined medical treatment.
- Transitional Care: If someone is in a skilled nursing facility for a short-term rehabilitation stay following a hospital discharge, they may temporarily be referred to as a patient, though even here, "resident" is increasingly common.
Comparing the Terms
| Feature | Resident | Patient |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | The individual's established living arrangement and community membership. | The individual's immediate medical condition or treatment. |
| Connotation | Emphasizes dignity, home, and personhood. | Can imply a temporary or temporary state of illness. |
| Context | Long-term care, daily life, social settings, administrative roles. | Acute care, short-term rehabilitation, hospital stays. |
| Preferred Use | Most nursing homes and assisted living facilities. | Primarily hospitals and short-term clinical settings. |
The Harm of Outdated and Disrespectful Language
Beyond the debate between "resident" and "patient," there is a range of language that should be avoided entirely. Using outdated or derogatory terms like "inmate," "the elderly," or referring to an individual in a dehumanizing way is unacceptable. These terms perpetuate ageist stereotypes and strip individuals of their individuality and dignity. Person-centered care dictates that communication should always be respectful, and this includes avoiding pet names or condescending "elderspeak," such as using a high-pitched voice or baby talk. Forcing someone into a stereotype based on their age or location robs them of their unique identity, experiences, and history.
The Importance of Individuality: Ask for Their Preference
While "resident" is the standard, the most personal and respectful approach is to ask the individual how they would like to be addressed. This simple act of asking shows respect for their autonomy and personal preference. Some individuals may prefer their first name, while others may prefer a formal title like "Mr." or "Mrs." followed by their last name. Professionals in the field are trained to gauge these preferences, but for family members and visitors, it's a critical step in building a relationship built on trust and respect.
Steps for respectful address:
- Ask Directly: Start with a simple question, such as, "What would you like me to call you?"
- Use Formal Titles First: If you are unsure, start with a formal title like "Mr. Jones" or "Mrs. Smith" until you are given permission to use their first name.
- Avoid Assumptions: Never assume that an older adult prefers to be called by their first name or a cutesy nickname.
The Broader Context of Respectful Communication
Effective communication with residents goes beyond just the terms used to address them. It includes a holistic approach that considers their well-being, preferences, and potential communication challenges. This involves:
- Active Listening: Paying attention to what the resident says, verbally and non-verbally.
- Clear Tone and Pace: Speaking clearly and at a moderate pace, especially with individuals who may have hearing impairments.
- Eye Contact: Making eye contact and approaching them from the front, especially if they have vision problems.
- Avoiding Patronizing Behavior: Treating them as the intelligent adults they are, regardless of any cognitive or physical challenges.
By following these principles, you not only use the correct terminology but also foster a truly respectful and positive environment. For more on resident rights and respectful care, you can read more from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Conclusion
The correct answer to the question "what do you call someone who lives in a nursing home?" is a multifaceted one, but the best practice is to use the term resident. This term is both respectful and accurate, positioning the individual as a member of a community rather than merely a recipient of medical services. However, the ultimate mark of respect is to ask the individual directly for their preferred name and to communicate with them using empathy and dignity in all contexts. This approach ensures that the focus remains on the person, not the label.
