The Evolution of Aging Terminology
For decades, terms like "elderly" and "senior citizen" were common in society. However, as our understanding of aging and its impact on individuals has evolved, so too has our language. Many people now consider these traditional terms outdated, often carrying negative connotations of frailty or dependency. This shift reflects a broader movement toward using language that is more inclusive and less ageist, focusing on an individual's personhood rather than their age.
Why Language Matters in Healthy Aging
The words we use can significantly influence perception and promote or dismantle harmful stereotypes. Ageism, a form of discrimination based on age, can manifest in subtle ways, including our choice of words. Research highlights that ageist language can be detrimental to the health and mental well-being of older people. By choosing more positive and neutral language, we contribute to a more respectful and supportive environment for older adults, promoting a positive view of aging as a normal and valuable part of life.
Preferred Alternatives to "Elderly Person"
Several modern, respectful alternatives can be used instead of the more traditional, and sometimes stigmatized, "elderly person." The best choice often depends on context, but here are some of the most widely accepted terms:
- Older Adults: This is a neutral, person-first term that is broadly recommended by organizations like the National Institute on Aging and the Associated Press. It acknowledges age without making a person's age their sole defining characteristic.
- Seniors: While once a standard, this term has seen a decline in popularity among some demographics, but it is still widely used and accepted, particularly in commercial contexts (e.g., senior discounts).
- Mature Adults: This term can be a positive and respectful alternative, focusing on experience and wisdom rather than simply age.
- Elders: This term can be appropriate in certain cultural contexts, particularly within Indigenous American and Native Alaskan communities where it carries significant respect and honor. However, it may not be suitable for general use.
- People 65 and Older: This phrasing is highly specific and neutral, often used in scientific or medical contexts to define a precise age group without invoking stereotypes. For example, the Administration for Community Living uses this in their demographics reports.
Terms to Approach with Caution
Some terms should be used with awareness, as they can be perceived negatively or be contextually inappropriate.
- Geriatric: This is a medical term referring to the branch of medicine focused on older people. Using it to describe a person or group of people outside a medical context can be offensive.
- The Aged: This is generally seen as an "othering" term that removes individuality.
- Golden Agers: While intended to be positive, some older adults find euphemisms like this condescending.
Comparison of Terminology
| Term | Preferred Usage | Why It's Preferred/Discouraged |
|---|---|---|
| Older Adults | Recommended | Neutral, respectful, and person-first; widely accepted by authoritative organizations. |
| Seniors | Acceptable, depends on context | Common for commercial offers and some programs, but less popular among some younger cohorts of older adults. |
| Mature Adults | Acceptable | Emphasizes wisdom and experience, a positive alternative. |
| Elderly | Discouraged | Often associated with negative stereotypes and frailty. |
| Senior Citizen | Discouraged | Can carry stigma and is seen as an outdated euphemism by some. |
| Geriatric | Medical context only | Inappropriate and offensive when used outside a medical setting to describe individuals. |
Using Person-First Language
Beyond choosing the right noun, using person-first language is crucial for treating older adults with dignity. This means focusing on the person, not the condition or age. Instead of "the elderly with dementia," one might say "older adults living with dementia." This subtle change emphasizes that the individual is defined by more than their health challenges. This approach is recommended by various health and aging organizations to combat stigmatizing language.
What do older adults prefer?
A 2021 study by The Senior List explored what terms older Americans prefer. The findings highlighted that terms like "older adults" and "mature adults" were the most appreciated, with a notable preference for inclusive labels that integrate them into society rather than setting them apart. The study also found a continued decline in popularity for older labels like "senior citizen." This demonstrates the importance of staying current with evolving language norms.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Words
When seeking another name for an elderly person, the best practice is to opt for respectful, person-first language like "older adult" or "senior." Being mindful of the context and avoiding terms that perpetuate stereotypes are key steps toward promoting dignity and a positive view of aging. For comprehensive, evidence-based resources on the topic, consult the National Institute on Aging.
