The growing older population in the UK
The United Kingdom is experiencing a significant and sustained shift in its population demographics, marked by a rise in the number and proportion of older people. In 2024, 19.5% of the population was aged 65 or over, based on data compiled by Statista from sources including the Office for National Statistics (ONS). This is a notable increase from earlier decades, reflecting a combination of longer life expectancy and falling birth rates. This demographic shift has wide-ranging consequences, affecting everything from healthcare and housing to pensions and the workforce.
Comparing UK population age demographics over time
| Age Group | 2014 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| 0-14 years | 17.83% | 17.19% |
| 15-64 years | 64.58% | 63.32% |
| 65+ years | 17.58% | 19.5% |
The table above clearly illustrates the ongoing trend. The percentage of the population over 65 has grown consistently, while the working-age and younger populations have either remained stable or seen a slight decrease in proportion. The median age in the UK has also risen as a result, reaching 40.1 years in 2025.
Regional variations in the ageing population
Not all areas of the UK are ageing at the same rate. London, for instance, has a much lower percentage of residents over 65 compared to many other parts of the country. This is largely due to internal and international migration patterns, with younger people moving to the capital for work. Conversely, rural and coastal areas often have a higher proportion of older residents. For example, North Norfolk had the highest median age in England in 2023, while several London boroughs featured among the lowest. This concentration of older populations in certain areas can create challenges for local services, particularly healthcare and social care provision.
Factors contributing to the demographic shift
The ageing of the UK population is driven by several interconnected factors:
- Increasing life expectancy: Improvements in healthcare, living standards, and nutrition mean people are living longer than ever before. This is particularly evident in the rise of the 'very old' population, with the number of people aged 85 and over growing significantly.
- Declining birth rates: Over the last few decades, birth rates have generally fallen. The ONS noted a historic low in births in the year to mid-2024, further contributing to the older age profile of the population.
- The 'Baby Boomer' generation: The large cohort born in the post-war 'baby boom' period is now reaching retirement age and beyond, adding a significant number of people to the 65+ age group.
Future projections and implications
The ONS projects that the population will continue to age in the coming decades. By 2072, the proportion of people aged 65 or over could rise to 27% of the total population. This will have profound implications for public policy:
- Healthcare and social care: A larger older population will place increased demands on the NHS and social care systems, requiring greater funding and resources.
- Pensions: An increasing number of retirees for each working-age person will put pressure on the state pension system and require adjustments to financial planning.
- Housing: There will be a growing need for housing suitable for older people, including accessible properties and retirement communities.
- The economy: The changing workforce demographic may lead to skills shortages and require a rethink of labour market policies.
Conclusion
In summary, the percentage of British people over 65 is steadily increasing, reaching 19.5% in 2024. This demographic trend is well-established and is expected to continue for the foreseeable future, driven by higher life expectancy and lower birth rates. While this shift presents challenges for public services, it also highlights the success of modern healthcare and living conditions. Addressing the implications of an ageing population will be a central focus for policymakers in the coming years. For more detailed information on population estimates, consult the Office for National Statistics directly.
