When should I start seeing an adult doctor?

While most people know they need a doctor, many don't know that the transition from a pediatrician to an adult care provider typically happens between ages 18 and 21. The question of when should I start seeing an adult doctor is critical for young people seeking continuity of care and a smooth shift toward managing their own health as they enter adulthood.

Quick Summary

The ideal time to transition from a pediatrician to an adult primary care physician (PCP) is typically between the ages of 18 and 21, though the process should begin earlier during the teenage years. This transition ensures uninterrupted medical care, establishes patient autonomy, and addresses adult-specific health needs and screenings.

Key Points

• Start Planning Early: The transition process from a pediatrician to an adult doctor should begin during the mid-to-late teenage years, well before the final move.

• Age 18-21 is Key: Most pediatricians have an age cut-off, typically between 18 and 21, making this the ideal window to establish care with an adult primary care physician.

• Choose the Right Type of Doctor: Consider whether a family medicine doctor (for all ages) or an internist (for adults only) is the best fit for your long-term health needs.

• Embrace Patient Autonomy: As a young adult, you'll take on more responsibility for managing your own health, from scheduling appointments to understanding your insurance.

• Prioritize Preventive Care: Your adult doctor will guide you through age-appropriate screenings for issues like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and STDs, which is crucial for long-term health.

• Ensure Continuity of Care: A long-term relationship with an adult doctor provides better, more personalized care because they have a complete picture of your medical history.

Understanding the Transition to Adult Care

Making the move from a childhood pediatrician to an adult primary care doctor is a significant milestone in a young person's life. Pediatricians are uniquely trained to treat children, with their model of care often involving parents in the decision-making process. In contrast, adult PCPs—such as internists or family medicine doctors—focus on adult health conditions and work directly with the patient, fostering independence and self-advocacy. Starting this transition early is crucial to prevent gaps in care, particularly for young adults with chronic conditions, who are at a higher risk of complications if they don't have consistent medical support.

The Right Time to Switch

Determining the exact age to switch is not always a firm, single number. While many pediatric practices have a policy to transition patients out between 18 and 21, the readiness of the individual patient is a key factor.

• Ages 14-17: Transition planning should begin in early adolescence. This period is for building skills, such as learning to manage medications, understanding one's medical history, and communicating directly with healthcare providers.
• Age 18: For most people, turning 18 marks the legal start of adulthood. This is a common time to start seeking a new adult provider, as patients at this age have full control over their own medical records and decisions.
• Ages 19-21: Many pediatricians will continue to see patients during these years, but it is important to have a plan in place. For some, graduating from college or losing coverage on a parent's plan is the catalyst to find a new doctor.

Regardless of the exact age, having a new adult PCP established before losing access to pediatric care is the most seamless path.

Types of Adult Doctors

When you begin your search for an adult doctor, you will encounter a few different types of providers. Understanding the distinctions can help you choose the best fit for your needs.

• Internal Medicine Physician (Internist): Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in adults. They focus exclusively on adult care and are highly trained in managing complex medical issues and chronic conditions.
• Family Medicine Physician: Provides comprehensive care for individuals of all ages, from infants to seniors. This can be an ideal choice for young adults who wish to find a doctor who can treat them and, eventually, their entire family.
• Obstetrician-Gynecologist (OB/GYN): Focuses specifically on women's reproductive health. While not a primary care doctor, women often see an OB/GYN for routine health matters, especially if they are getting a Pap smear or discussing birth control.

How to Prepare for Your First Adult Doctor Visit

Taking responsibility for your own health can be intimidating. A little preparation can make the first adult doctor's visit much smoother.

1. Gather your medical records: Ask your pediatrician's office to transfer your records to your new adult doctor. This gives your new provider a complete picture of your health history.
2. Create a medication and allergy list: List all prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements. Note any known drug allergies.
3. Compile your family medical history: Discuss with your family any history of conditions such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes. This information helps assess your risks.
4. Make a list of questions: Write down any symptoms, concerns, or questions you have. This ensures you don't forget important topics, especially those you may have previously discussed with your pediatrician through a parent.
5. Understand your insurance: Know your insurance plan details and whether your new doctor is in-network. This prevents unexpected costs.

Preventive Care for Young Adults

Beyond managing existing conditions, seeing an adult doctor is crucial for starting preventive health screenings. Many adult health issues, like high blood pressure and high cholesterol, start without symptoms.

Screening	Recommended Age/Frequency	Importance
Blood Pressure	Starts at 18; every 2 years	Early detection of hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease.
Cholesterol	First screening between 17-21; every 4-6 years	Monitors for high cholesterol, which can lead to heart disease.
Diabetes	Starts at 20	Identifies prediabetes and diabetes, which are on the rise in young adults.
Immunizations	Stay up-to-date, including flu shots and HPV	Protects against infectious diseases as you navigate life at college or work.
Cervical Cancer	Starts at 21; every 3 years	Pap smear to screen for cervical cancer in women.
STD Screening	For sexually active adults	Early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.
Mental Health	Regular screenings for anxiety and depression	Addresses mental health concerns, which are a critical part of overall well-being.

The Long-Term Benefit of Continuity of Care

Establishing a long-term relationship with a primary care doctor is a vital investment in your health. A consistent provider knows your medical history, understands your lifestyle, and can offer personalized care that is more effective than a one-off urgent care visit. This trust and continuity can lead to earlier detection of health problems, better management of chronic conditions, and more cost-effective healthcare over your lifetime.

For more information on navigating the healthcare system as a young adult, consult reliable resources like the CDC, which offers guidance on health transitions. The decision to find an adult doctor is a proactive step toward maintaining your health for years to come. The sooner you start building this partnership, the more prepared you will be for the healthcare decisions and challenges ahead.

Conclusion: Taking the Next Step

Deciding when should I start seeing an adult doctor is less about finding a single date and more about initiating a process. The teenage years should be used for skill-building and planning, with the actual transfer to an adult primary care provider typically occurring between ages 18 and 21. By preparing your records, understanding the types of doctors available, and committing to preventive care, you can ensure a smooth transition and establish a long-term, beneficial partnership with a provider who will support your health for a lifetime.

What if I have a chronic condition?

For young adults with chronic conditions, the transition to adult care is particularly important. A planned and gradual shift ensures that specialized care is not interrupted. Pediatric specialists often work with adult care teams to ensure a 'warm handoff,' sharing your clinical journey with the new provider. This collaboration helps maintain continuity of care and prevents potential complications that could arise from gaps in treatment. Your pediatric team can help you identify appropriate adult specialists and resources, ensuring you continue to thrive as an individual managing a long-term illness.

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I start seeing an adult doctor if I have a chronic condition?

If you have a chronic condition, it's crucial to start planning the transition even earlier, often around age 14. Your pediatric specialists should work with you to find adult specialists and ensure a 'warm handoff' to maintain uninterrupted care.

How do I choose the right adult doctor?

When choosing an adult doctor, consider your health needs (e.g., family medicine vs. internal medicine), check insurance coverage, and seek recommendations from trusted sources. You can also research credentials and office logistics before making a choice.

What's the difference between an internist and a family medicine doctor?

An internist is a primary care doctor who specializes in treating only adults, focusing on complex adult diseases. A family medicine doctor is trained to care for patients of all ages, from newborns to seniors.

Do I need to transfer my medical records from my pediatrician?

Yes. It's essential to have your medical records transferred to your new adult doctor. This provides them with a comprehensive understanding of your health history, which is vital for providing informed care.

What should I bring to my first adult doctor's appointment?

For your first appointment, you should bring your insurance card, a photo ID, a list of all your medications and allergies, your family medical history, and a list of questions or concerns you want to discuss.

What preventive screenings should young adults get?

Young adults should have regular screenings for blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes. Sexually active individuals should be screened for STDs, and women should begin cervical cancer screenings around age 21.

Why is it important to have a long-term relationship with a doctor?

A long-term relationship with a primary care doctor leads to better communication, personalized care, and early detection of potential health problems. This continuity of care can significantly improve your overall health outcomes.

What if I feel uncomfortable talking to my new doctor?

It's normal to feel a bit awkward with a new doctor. If after a couple of visits you still don't feel comfortable, it's okay to look for a different one. Finding a provider you trust and feel you can be open with is essential for your health.