Mastering the Sighted Guide Technique: A Comprehensive Approach
The Importance of Respectful Assistance
Knowing how to properly assist someone with a visual impairment is a valuable skill that prioritizes their safety, dignity, and independence. The most fundamental aspect is to remember that you are a guide, not a controller. By using the 'sighted guide' technique, you establish a partnership that empowers the individual rather than making them feel helpless. This method ensures they are able to anticipate your movements and navigate the environment safely by relying on your subtle physical cues.
Initiate the Process Correctly
The first step is always to ask before you act. Approaching someone without warning and grabbing their arm can be startling and disorienting. A simple, clear offer of assistance is the best way to begin. For example, a polite question like, "Would you like some assistance? I can offer you my arm." This puts the power of choice in their hands. If they accept, they will typically reach for your arm just above the elbow. This is the optimal position, as it allows them to follow your body's motions most naturally.
The Correct Walking Position
Once the person has taken your arm, you should walk a half-step ahead of them. This allows your body to provide a clear signal for upcoming changes in terrain, such as stairs or curbs. Keep your guiding arm relaxed and close to your side. The person you are assisting will be able to feel the natural movements of your body, including when you slow down, stop, or turn. This reduces the need for constant verbal instructions, though clear communication is still essential.
Navigating Common Obstacles
Curbs and Stairs
When you approach a curb or a flight of stairs, pause briefly. This pause is a critical non-verbal cue that signals a change in elevation. Verbally confirm whether the steps are going up or down. As the guide, you should take the first step. The person you are assisting will feel your body's motion and know to follow. When going up, they will know to lift their foot; when going down, they will feel you stepping down.
Narrow Passageways and Doors
When a narrow passage, like a crowded hallway or a doorway, is ahead, adjust your arm position. Move your guiding arm towards the middle of your back. This is a cue for the person to step behind you and follow in single file. Once through the narrow space, move your arm back to your side to resume walking side-by-side. For doors, approach squarely and let the person know which way the door opens. Open the door with your free hand and hold it until the person can take the handle.
Seating
Guiding someone to a chair or seat is a common situation. Lead them to the seat and place their hand on the back or arm of the chair. This allows them to independently assess the chair's position, height, and orientation. Describe the type of chair if it's unusual (e.g., a swivel chair).
Verbal Cues and Communication
In addition to the physical guidance, clear and concise verbal communication is key. Avoid vague phrases like "over there" and use specific directions like "straight ahead," "turn right," or "five feet to your left." Always use their left and right, not yours, which can be confusing. Narrate important details about the environment, such as a crowded area or a change in the walking surface.
Table: Best Practices for Sighted Guiding
| Do | Don't |
|---|---|
| Offer your arm and let the person take it. | Grab, push, or pull the person's arm or shoulder. |
| Walk a half-step ahead to allow them to follow your lead. | Walk too far ahead or lag behind, creating an awkward pace. |
| Pause at curbs and stairs and announce the change in elevation. | Drag the person up or down curbs and stairs without warning. |
| Use clear verbal cues for turns, obstacles, and surroundings. | Point vaguely and use non-specific directions like "go that way." |
| Describe landmarks and points of interest as you walk. | Remain silent and simply pull the person through a space. |
| Move your arm behind your back for narrow spaces. | Squeeze past in narrow areas, potentially causing the person to lose their footing. |
| Alert them when leaving, and guide them to a stable object. | Leave them abruptly in an open, unfamiliar space. |
Concluding the Assistance
Once you arrive at the destination, complete the guidance by helping the person orient themselves. Describe the surroundings and guide them to a stable object, such as a wall or piece of furniture. Always inform them before you leave so they don't begin speaking to an empty space. This final step ensures a graceful and respectful conclusion to the interaction.
Additional Guidelines
- Never interfere with a guide dog. These are trained animals with a job to do. Do not pet, feed, or otherwise distract them.
- Respect their personal pace. Allow the person to set the pace. If you are walking too fast or too slow, they may feel uncomfortable. A relaxed, steady pace is best.
- Be patient and understanding. Sometimes, navigating a new environment can be stressful. Offer a reassuring tone and be willing to repeat or clarify information.
- Talk directly to the person, not their companion or a third party, unless asked. Speak in a normal tone and volume.
For more detailed information on guiding techniques, visit the official resource from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services: Do's and Don'ts When Interacting with a Person who is Blind. By following these principles, you can provide confident, safe, and respectful assistance whenever it is needed.
