Most seniors live in the community
Contrary to popular belief, most people over the age of 65 do not live in nursing homes or other institutional care facilities. The vast majority, over 90%, live in traditional homes within their local communities. This trend is often referred to as 'aging in place' and is a preference for many older adults who wish to maintain their independence and familiarity with their surroundings for as long as possible. For many, living in their own homes provides a sense of comfort and continuity with the life they have built over the years.
Living with a partner or alone
Within the population of seniors living in the community, the specific living arrangement varies. Data from 2023 indicates that about 59% of people age 65 and older lived with a spouse or partner. For men, this figure is higher, while for women, who generally have a longer life expectancy, living with a partner is less common in older age groups. About 28% of older adults living in the community lived alone, and this proportion tends to increase with advanced age, particularly for women. These statistics highlight the diversity in how older Americans choose to live.
Factors influencing housing choices
Several factors influence where a person aged 65 and older lives. Key considerations often include:
- Health and Accessibility: The presence of a disability or chronic health condition can heavily influence a living arrangement. Many older homes lack features like no-step entries or wide hallways, which are necessary for those with mobility aids. Expensive home modifications may be required for those wishing to age in place safely.
- Financial Situation: Retirement income levels and homeownership rates play a significant role. A high percentage of older householders own their homes, but can still face housing cost burdens, particularly for maintenance and insurance. The desire to be free from home maintenance is a driver for moving to senior communities.
- Social Connections: Proximity to family and friends is a strong factor in deciding where to live. Living in a community setting, whether in a senior-focused neighborhood or an independent living facility, can help combat feelings of social isolation.
- Personal Preference: Ultimately, the decision comes down to personal choice. Some seniors are eager to move to an active retirement community, while others are deeply attached to their current neighborhood and home.
Geographic distribution of the 65+ population
While older adults are spread across the country, certain states and regions show higher concentrations of the 65+ demographic.
States with the largest total number of seniors
Due to their large overall populations, some states naturally have the highest raw number of residents over 65. California, Florida, and Texas consistently have the largest total senior populations. These states are major population centers and include a diverse cross-section of the senior demographic, not just retirees.
States with the highest percentage of seniors
Other states stand out for having the highest percentage of their total population aged 65 and over. These are often states known as retirement destinations or those with significant out-migration of younger adults. States frequently topping this list include Maine, Florida, West Virginia, and Vermont. This statistic gives a better sense of a state's overall age profile.
Comparison of living options for older adults
For those who do not age in place, there are a variety of senior living options available, depending on the level of care and independence desired. Here is a comparison of some of the most common types:
| Option | Description | Ideal For | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Living | Private apartments or homes in a community setting with amenities and social activities. | Active, healthy seniors who want a low-maintenance lifestyle. | Social events, housekeeping, meals, transportation. |
| Assisted Living | Residential care with staff available 24/7 to help with daily activities. | Seniors needing some help with daily tasks like bathing, dressing, or medication management. | Personalized care plans, 3 meals per day, healthcare coordination. |
| Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) | A campus offering a full continuum of care, from independent living to skilled nursing, all in one location. | Seniors who want a long-term plan for care, no matter how their needs change. | Seamless transition between care levels, predictable costs. |
| Skilled Nursing Facility (Nursing Home) | Licensed medical facilities providing 24/7 care from licensed nurses and other medical staff. | Individuals with complex medical needs, chronic conditions, or those needing rehabilitation. | 24/7 medical supervision, therapy, specialized care. |
Why most older adults are not in nursing homes
While nursing homes are a critical component of the senior care landscape, they serve a specific, medically intensive purpose. The fact that a small percentage of 65-year-olds live in these facilities is a testament to several factors:
- Preferencing independence: Most seniors value their independence and prefer to stay in their own homes, or with family, as long as possible. The concept of aging in place is strongly favored.
- Health status: The majority of 65-year-olds do not yet require the high level of medical and personal care that a nursing home provides. The average age of nursing home residents is much higher, around 81 years old.
- Alternative options: The growth of other senior living models, like independent living and assisted living, offers graduated levels of support that meet a wider range of needs without requiring institutionalization.
- Financial considerations: Nursing home care can be very expensive, and many seniors explore alternative, more affordable options first.
For more detailed information on older adults' demographics and living situations, consult the 2023 Profile of Older Americans published by the Administration on Community Living (ACL).
Conclusion
While images of retirement communities or nursing homes may come to mind, the truth is that the vast majority of 65-year-olds live in the comfort of their own homes and local communities. Their decisions are shaped by a complex mix of health needs, financial realities, and social preferences. As the Baby Boomer generation continues to age, the landscape of senior living will continue to evolve, with aging in place and community living remaining the dominant trends.
