Can a 70 year old get the MMR vaccine? Dispelling the immunity myth
For many years, the standard guidance has been that individuals born before 1957 are protected against measles, mumps, and rubella because of a high probability of exposure to the wild-type viruses in the pre-vaccine era. For a 70-year-old, this would mean they were born well before the 1957 cutoff and therefore do not require the MMR vaccine. However, modern medicine and changing public health landscapes have introduced nuances to this general rule, making a personalized assessment more important than ever.
The presumption of immunity and its exceptions
The presumption of immunity for those born before 1957 is a guideline, not a guarantee. It is based on historical data showing high rates of natural infection, but individual immunity can vary. While most individuals in this age group are immune, some high-risk situations may warrant additional protection. The CDC specifically outlines certain circumstances where even older adults are advised to get vaccinated.
High-risk categories where MMR vaccination may be considered for those born before 1957:
- Healthcare personnel: Due to the risk of transmitting the disease to vulnerable patients, healthcare facilities often require personnel, regardless of birth date, to have documented immunity.
- International travelers: Measles is still common in many parts of the world. Traveling internationally increases the risk of exposure, and vaccination may be necessary to ensure adequate protection.
- Outbreak situations: In the event of a measles outbreak, local public health authorities may recommend vaccination for older adults, particularly those in close contact with immunocompromised individuals or who lack documented immunity.
- Unknown vaccination history: Some individuals may not have clear records of prior infection or vaccination, making it prudent to get vaccinated to ensure protection.
Assessing your need for the MMR vaccine at 70
Determining whether you need the MMR vaccine at age 70 should involve a consultation with a healthcare provider. They will evaluate your individual risk factors and vaccination history to make an informed recommendation. The evaluation process often involves two key steps: reviewing documentation and, if necessary, performing a blood test.
Reviewing your medical history: The first step is to check for documented evidence of immunity, such as written proof of prior vaccination or a lab report confirming immunity. For individuals born between 1963 and 1967, it is important to verify if they received a live-attenuated vaccine, as an inactivated (killed) version was used during this period and may not provide adequate protection.
Titer testing for immunity: If vaccination history is unclear, a simple blood test, known as a titer, can be performed to check for protective antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella. This test can confirm whether you have existing immunity and whether vaccination is needed.
The benefits and risks of adult MMR vaccination
For those who determine they need the MMR vaccine, the benefits generally outweigh the minimal risks, particularly in high-risk scenarios. The vaccine is highly effective and can prevent severe illness and complications associated with measles, mumps, and rubella, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and hearing loss.
Comparison of risks:
| Feature | Risks of Natural Infection at Age 70 | Risks of MMR Vaccine at Age 70 |
|---|---|---|
| Severity | High, can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications. | Low, typically mild and temporary side effects. |
| Common Side Effects | High fever, severe cough, rash, potential for pneumonia, encephalitis. | Low-grade fever, mild rash, joint pain, swelling at injection site. |
| Serious Complications | Pneumonia, brain damage (encephalitis), hearing loss, death. | Rare: serious allergic reaction, temporary joint pain, low platelet count. |
| Vulnerability | Higher risk for severe outcomes due to age and potential comorbidities. | Safe for most, but contraindicated in those with severe immunosuppression. |
Conclusion: A personalized approach is best
The question, "can a 70 year old get the MMR vaccine?" has a nuanced answer. While presumed immunity for those born before 1957 is the general rule, individual health status, occupational risks, and travel plans can change the recommendation. For healthcare personnel, international travelers, and anyone with an uncertain immunity status, consultation with a doctor is essential. A healthcare provider can assess whether vaccination is warranted and ensure the safest path to protection against these contagious diseases.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - MMR Vaccination Information
Frequently asked questions about the MMR vaccine for older adults
Who should consider getting the MMR vaccine at age 70?
Adults born before 1957 are typically considered immune and don't need the MMR vaccine. However, individuals in high-risk settings like healthcare, international travelers, and those with uncertain vaccination records should consult a doctor about getting vaccinated.
Can I get a blood test to check my immunity?
Yes, a blood test (titer) can be performed to check for antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella. A positive result indicates immunity, while a negative or equivocal result suggests that vaccination may be necessary.
Are there any risks for a 70 year old getting the MMR vaccine?
For most older adults, the benefits of the MMR vaccine outweigh the risks, which are usually mild and temporary. It is contraindicated for individuals with severe immunodeficiency or certain allergies.
What if I was vaccinated in the 1960s with an old vaccine type?
If you were vaccinated with the inactivated (killed) measles vaccine used between 1963 and 1967, revaccination with the MMR is recommended as the original vaccine may no longer be protective. If you are unsure of the vaccine type, you should consult with your doctor.
What are the main contraindications for the MMR vaccine in older adults?
The MMR vaccine should not be given to individuals with a severely weakened immune system (e.g., due to cancer treatment or HIV), severe allergic reaction history to a vaccine component, or those who are pregnant.
Is it harmful to get the MMR vaccine if I'm already immune?
No, there is no harm in getting an additional dose of the MMR vaccine even if you are already immune. For those with unclear records, vaccination can be a simple way to ensure protection.
Where can I find more information about adult vaccination?
You can consult your healthcare provider or visit the CDC's website for the most current recommendations and guidelines on adult immunization.
What are the main reasons for a 70 year old to consider the MMR vaccine?
Primary reasons include increased international travel, which raises the risk of exposure, and working in high-risk environments like healthcare. Ensuring protection helps prevent severe complications and contributes to herd immunity.
