The Shift Away from "Elderly"
Professional guidelines from numerous organizations reflect a widespread move away from using the term "elderly." The American Medical Association (AMA), American Psychological Association (APA), and the Associated Press (AP) have all advised against it in favor of more precise and neutral language. This shift is rooted in the understanding that lumping a vast and diverse population into a single, generic category can reinforce harmful, ageist stereotypes. A 65-year-old and a 95-year-old have vastly different life experiences, health profiles, and capabilities, yet the single term "elderly" erases this nuance.
Why "Elderly" is Considered Problematic
Several factors contribute to the term's negative perception:
- Generalization and 'Othering': Using phrases like "the elderly" categorizes a group of individuals as a single, uniform entity, distinct from the rest of society. This 'othering' can strip individuals of their unique identity and personhood. It's similar to how phrases like "the disabled" are now widely recognized as impersonal and disrespectful.
- Connotations of Frailty: The word often carries implications of feebleness, poor health, and dependency. For active, healthy, and independent individuals, this association is both inaccurate and offensive. The context of its use often suggests a person in need of care, rather than a whole, capable human being.
- Contextual Inappropriateness: While some may not find the term inherently offensive, its use is often context-dependent. In informal or familiar settings, it might be tolerated, but in professional, medical, or academic contexts, it is now widely discouraged. For example, the term "elder abuse" is a standard legal and clinical term, but using "elderly" to describe a person in a news report is considered less respectful and specific than using their actual age.
Preferred Alternatives for Communicating about Older Adults
Rather than relying on the imprecise and potentially negative term, there are many respectful and accurate alternatives available. The best choice often depends on the specific context and whether you are referring to an individual or a general population.
Speaking Generally about a Population
When referring to older populations in general, it is best to be as specific and neutral as possible. Recommended alternatives include:
- Older adults: A widely accepted, neutral, and respectful term endorsed by many medical and professional associations.
- Older people: Another straightforward and respectful option.
- People 65 years and older: This phrase is highly specific and neutral, making it ideal for research or official contexts.
- Aging population: A demographic term that is factually accurate without imposing stereotypes.
Describing a Specific Person or Context
When describing an individual, it is best to use their specific age or, even better, their name. When that's not possible, focusing on person-first language is key.
- An 89-year-old woman: As an example from the AP Stylebook, this is more specific and respectful than "an elderly woman".
- Name: The most respectful way to address or refer to anyone is by their name.
- Specific terms: For certain cultural or clinical contexts, other terms may be appropriate. For example, some Native American communities use "elder" as a term of respect. In specific medical settings, terms like "geriatric patient" are used, but they are not suitable for general conversation.
Comparison of Terms: "Elderly" vs. Alternatives
| Feature | Term: "Elderly" | Term: "Older Adults" or "People 65+" |
|---|---|---|
| Connotation | Often negative, implying frailty, dependence, and decline. | Neutral and respectful; focuses on age as a stage of life, not a negative condition. |
| Inclusivity | Excludes the diversity of experience within the older population, lumping all individuals together. | Acknowledges that older individuals are not a monolith and that their capabilities and health vary widely. |
| Accuracy | Imprecise and can be misleading, as not all older people are frail or dependent. | Allows for greater specificity, which is crucial for accurate communication in health, research, and journalism. |
| Professional Use | Largely discouraged in medical, journalistic, and academic circles. | Widely recommended by professional style guides and organizations focused on aging. |
| Person-First | Tends to emphasize a group identity ("the elderly") rather than the individual. | Promotes person-first language, treating individuals with dignity and respect. |
The Role of Context and Intent
Ultimately, whether the term "elderly" is appropriate depends on context and intent. For many, the word has become a relic of a less age-sensitive era. While its use may not be malicious, it is a key component of the subtle ageism that can pervade society. Embracing alternative terminology is a small but meaningful step toward fostering more respectful and inclusive communication.
Moving away from a single, generalizing term acknowledges that older adults are a diverse group of individuals with unique experiences. By choosing language that is neutral, specific, and person-first, we can challenge ageist assumptions and promote a more respectful conversation about aging. This linguistic evolution is part of a larger cultural shift toward valuing every stage of life and recognizing the full humanity of all individuals, regardless of their age.
How to Choose Your Words Respectfully
- Think specific: If you can, use a person's name or specific age. For instance, rather than saying "an elderly woman," say "a woman in her late 80s" or "the 89-year-old resident".
- Use person-first language: As with other demographics, it is more respectful to say "older adults" or "older persons" rather than "the elderly".
- Consider the nuance: The term "senior" is also a common alternative, often used in contexts like "senior discounts" or "senior centers". While it's generally more accepted than "elderly," some people still find it to be a euphemism and may prefer "older adults". The best approach is to listen to how individuals refer to themselves.
Conclusion
The short answer to "Can you use the term 'elderly'?" is that while it may not always be intended offensively, it is now considered outdated and potentially ageist. Many individuals and major professional organizations find it problematic due to its generalizing nature and negative connotations of frailty. Moving toward more precise and respectful alternatives, such as "older adults," "seniors," or specifying an age range, promotes more inclusive and thoughtful communication. Ultimately, adopting person-first language and recognizing the diversity of the aging population is a positive step toward combating ageism and fostering respect for people of all ages.
Further Reading
For more information on age-inclusive language and resources, visit the National Institute on Aging: https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2023/12/dont-call-me-old-avoiding-ageism-when-writing-about-aging
