Step 1: Conduct a Comprehensive Assessment
Begin with an open conversation with your parent about their needs to create a supportive environment for their independence.
Involve your parent in the process
Approach the conversation with respect, focusing on their independence. Ask open-ended questions to understand their daily experiences and any challenges they may face.
Checklist for assessing daily living activities
- Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs): Evaluate their ability to manage tasks like shopping, finances, transportation, meal preparation, and housekeeping. Signs like unopened bills or lack of fresh food may indicate difficulties.
- Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Discuss personal care, including bathing, dressing, grooming, and using the toilet. Struggles with these can increase fall risk.
- Mobility: Observe their movement and balance. Unexplained bruises might suggest recent falls.
- Mental and Emotional Health: Monitor for signs of isolation, depression, or cognitive changes, and consult a doctor if needed.
Step 2: Implement Home Safety Modifications
Falls are a major concern for older adults. Modifying the home can reduce risks and improve comfort.
Essential home modifications
- Eliminate Fall Hazards: Clear pathways, remove loose rugs, and secure cords.
- Enhance Bathroom Safety: Install grab bars and non-slip mats. A shower seat can help with stability. Set the water heater to 120°F to prevent burns.
- Improve Lighting: Ensure adequate lighting in key areas, using nightlights where helpful.
- Stairs and Entryways: Add handrails to stairs. Consider a stairlift or ramp for mobility challenges.
Step 3: Explore In-Home Care and Services
Caregiving can be a shared responsibility. Professional services can provide crucial support.
A comparison of care options and services
| Feature | In-Home Caregiver (Agency) | In-Home Caregiver (Private Hire) | Adult Day Care Center | Meal Delivery Service (e.g., Meals on Wheels) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Services Included | Personal care, housekeeping, companionship, transportation | Customizable based on agreement (often less formal) | Social activities, meals, health monitoring, exercise | Nutritious meals delivered to the home |
| Cost | Average national median rate is $33/hour. Agencies offer vetted professionals. | Varies, potentially more affordable, but requires family to manage taxes and background checks. | Less expensive than in-home or residential care. | Affordable, and often income-based. Some programs may be free. |
| Flexibility | Highly flexible scheduling. | Flexible and personal, but requires more family management. | Limited to business hours. | Set delivery schedules. |
| Medical Care | Non-medical care is standard; skilled medical services may be available with a licensed professional. | Varies based on individual qualifications. | Basic health monitoring is provided. | No medical services offered. |
| Socialization | Companionship is included. | Companionship, but may require supplementing to avoid isolation. | Structured social interaction and community engagement. | Reduces isolation through contact with volunteers. |
Step 4: Address Financial and Legal Matters
Planning for care costs and legal decisions is important to ensure your parent's wishes are respected.
Financial planning
- Evaluate Costs: Research local care costs using resources like AARP's LTSS Scorecard and the Genworth Cost of Care Survey.
- Explore Funding: Investigate savings, Social Security, long-term care insurance, and government programs like Medicaid.
- Consult an Expert: An elder law attorney or financial advisor can help with Medicaid planning and asset protection.
Legal preparedness
- Durable Power of Attorney (POA): Designate someone to make financial and healthcare decisions if your parent cannot.
- Living Will/Advance Directive: These documents outline medical treatment preferences.
- Will and Trust: Ensure a current will is in place. A revocable living trust can help avoid probate.
Step 5: Leverage Technology and Community Resources
Technology and community resources can enhance independence and connection.
Helpful technology for aging in place
- Personal Emergency Response Systems (PERS): These devices provide quick access to help during emergencies.
- Smart Home Devices: Voice-activated assistants can help with reminders and controlling lights.
- Telehealth and Remote Monitoring: Devices can track health metrics remotely, allowing for early detection of issues.
Community resources
- Eldercare Locator: Connects with local services like in-home help and transportation. Call 1-800-677-1116.
- Senior Centers and Community Programs: Offer social activities and classes to combat loneliness.
- Transportation Services: Options include public transit, ride-sharing, and local agency services.
Step 6: Prioritize Emotional and Social Needs
Addressing loneliness is crucial for an elderly person's health.
Ways to boost social connection
- Schedule regular check-ins: Stay in touch through calls, video chats, or visits.
- Facilitate family gatherings: Host events at your parent's home.
- Encourage hobbies: Support participation in clubs or classes.
- Consider pets: A companion animal can provide comfort.
Conclusion
Helping an elderly parent stay at home requires a comprehensive approach, including assessing needs, making safety modifications, arranging care, addressing finances and legal matters, and utilizing technology and community resources. Prioritizing their emotional and social needs is also vital. This process can be challenging, but by working together and seeking support, you can help your parent age in place with dignity. Remember to care for yourself to avoid caregiver burnout.
For more resources, visit the Eldercare Locator at https://eldercare.acl.gov/.
