The shingles vaccine is a crucial tool for preventing the painful viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. While the older Zostavax vaccine is no longer available in the U.S., the recombinant vaccine Shingrix is now the standard. It is recommended for healthy adults 50 and older and for those 19 and older who have weakened immune systems. Understanding the required vaccination schedule and longevity of protection is key to maximizing its benefits.
The Standard Two-Dose Shingrix Schedule
For the majority of individuals, the shingles vaccine requires a two-dose series to achieve maximum effectiveness and long-term protection. The first dose is given as an injection, followed by a second dose two to six months later. Completing both doses is essential for full protection. If the second dose is delayed beyond six months, it's not necessary to restart the series; simply get the second dose as soon as possible.
Shorter Interval for Immunocompromised Individuals
For adults aged 19 and older with weakened immune systems, the CDC suggests a shorter interval between doses, recommending the second dose one to two months after the first. This helps them build immunity faster due to their increased risk of complications.
No Routine Booster Shots Recommended
Routine booster doses of Shingrix are not currently recommended for most people who have completed the initial two-dose series. The current guidance is that one completed series provides long-lasting protection, unlike the older Zostavax vaccine whose effectiveness decreased significantly over time.
Protection Duration of the Shingrix Vaccine
Clinical data indicates Shingrix provides strong protection for several years. Studies show high protection for at least seven years, and newer research suggests effectiveness may last for more than a decade. One study reported nearly 80% efficacy in adults 50 and older up to 11 years after vaccination. These findings support the current recommendation against routine repeat vaccination.
Is the Shingles Vaccine Still Necessary If You've Had Shingles?
Yes, even with a history of shingles, vaccination with Shingrix is recommended to help prevent future outbreaks, as prior infection does not guarantee permanent immunity. It is generally advised to wait until the shingles rash has completely healed before getting the vaccine.
Shingrix vs. Zostavax: A Comparison
Individuals who received the older Zostavax vaccine should get the Shingrix series for enhanced protection. The vaccines differ significantly:
| Feature | Shingrix (Recombinant Zoster Vaccine) | Zostavax (Live Zoster Vaccine) |
|---|---|---|
| Availability | Only shingles vaccine available in the U.S. since 2020 | No longer sold in the U.S. |
| Effectiveness | Over 90% effective at preventing shingles | Less effective (~51%) |
| Dosing | Two doses, given 2 to 6 months apart | One dose |
| Duration of Protection | Long-lasting, at least 7-10 years and potentially longer | Protection wanes significantly after 5 years |
| Safety | Non-live vaccine; made from a viral component | Live-attenuated vaccine |
| Recommendation for Zostavax Recipients | Get the Shingrix series for enhanced protection | N/A |
Potential Future Updates
Medical guidelines can evolve as more long-term data on vaccine duration becomes available. While boosters are not currently recommended, ongoing research may lead to updated guidance in the future. It's advisable to discuss your vaccination status with a healthcare provider during regular check-ups to stay informed.
Conclusion
To answer the question, "How often do you need to have the shingles vaccine?" for most people, it's just once – a complete two-dose series of Shingrix. This series is highly effective in providing long-lasting protection against shingles and complications like postherpetic neuralgia. The vaccine is recommended for healthy adults 50 and older, with eligibility starting at age 19 for those with weakened immune systems. Completing the two-dose series and staying updated on medical recommendations are important steps for long-term health. Find more information on the official CDC website.
