Implementing a Multi-Layered Safety Approach
Effective caregiving for a person with dementia often requires a multi-layered approach to prevent wandering and ensure safety. Relying on a single method is rarely enough, as the individual's needs and behaviors can change over time. By combining technology, environmental adjustments, and community involvement, caregivers can build a robust safety net.
Leveraging Technology for Peace of Mind
Advancements in technology have provided powerful tools for caregivers. GPS tracking devices offer real-time location updates, providing a critical lifeline in case of a wandering incident. However, technology is most effective when integrated into a broader strategy.
- Wearable GPS trackers: Devices worn as a watch, pendant, or clipped to a belt can provide constant location monitoring. Some models include a two-way audio feature or fall detection. A locking clasp is available for some watch models to prevent the wearer from removing it.
- GPS-enabled insoles: For individuals who may remove traditional wearables, GPS SmartSoles are discreet insoles that fit inside shoes. This can be an excellent option for those who are still mobile but at risk of wandering.
- Smartphone apps: Apps can be used on a loved one's smartphone or smartwatch to set up 'geofences' or 'safe zones'. Caregivers receive an alert if the person exits the predetermined safe area. This is most effective for individuals who reliably carry their phone.
- Smart home monitoring: Environmental sensors and smart home devices can provide a remote eye on daily activities. Door and window alarms, motion sensors, and smart cameras can alert caregivers if an exterior door is opened or if there is a significant change in routine. Video monitoring should always prioritize privacy and ethical considerations.
Implementing Non-Tech Safety Measures
Technology is only one part of the solution. Basic, practical safety measures are equally important for creating a secure home environment.
- Secure the home: Install complex locks, like keyed deadbolts, either high or low on doors to make them less noticeable. Consider door and window alarms or pressure-sensitive mats that chime when a door is opened. Camouflaging exits with curtains, murals, or paint can also deter someone from trying to leave.
- Reduce wandering triggers: Establish and maintain a predictable daily routine to minimize anxiety and confusion. Engage the person in meaningful activities to provide a sense of purpose and reduce boredom. Make sure personal needs, such as hunger, thirst, or using the bathroom, are met promptly to avoid them seeking solutions on their own.
- Disguise departure cues: Keep items that signal leaving, such as coats, car keys, purses, and shoes, out of sight. This can help reduce the impulse to exit the home.
- Maintain updated information: Always have a recent, close-up photo of the person on hand. Ensure they wear a medical ID bracelet with their name, condition, and a contact number. This information is critical in case of an emergency.
Comparison of Tracking and Monitoring Devices
Choosing the right device depends on the individual's habits, stage of dementia, and willingness to wear a device. Here is a comparison to help caregivers decide.
| Feature | Wearable GPS Tracker (Watch/Pendant) | GPS Insoles (SmartSole) | Smart Home Sensors (Doors/Motion) | Smartphone Tracking App |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visibility | Variable, can be discreet or noticeable | Highly discreet, hidden within shoes | Invisible, integrates into the home | Requires person to carry a phone/watch |
| User Compliance | Requires the person to keep it on (locking clasps available) | Excellent, as shoes are a regular habit | No user interaction needed | Relies on the person carrying their device |
| Battery Life | Varies, typically 1-7 days | Often long-lasting (up to a month for some brands) | Generally long-lasting, low maintenance | Drains device battery; needs regular charging |
| Tracking Range | Excellent, relies on GPS satellites | Excellent, relies on GPS satellites | Limited to the confines of the home/yard | Variable, depends on cellular coverage |
| Alerts | Geofence alerts, low battery, falls | Geofence alerts, low battery | Door open/close, motion detected | Geofence alerts, location updates |
| Cost | Upfront device cost + monthly service | Upfront device cost + monthly service | Varies based on system complexity | May be free or low-cost subscription |
| Best For | Active individuals who don't mind wearing a device | Individuals who remove wearables or are in later stages | General home monitoring, early detection | Early-stage dementia where phone use is still consistent |
Creating a Community Safety Network
In addition to in-home strategies and technology, a community network can provide an extra layer of protection. Informing neighbors and local police can significantly improve the outcome if a wandering incident occurs.
- Inform neighbors: Talk to trusted neighbors and provide them with your contact information and a recent photo of your loved one. Ask them to call you if they see the person out alone and appear confused or lost.
- Notify local authorities: Register the person with local police or participate in programs like the Alzheimer's Association's 24/7 Wandering Support program (in partnership with MedicAlert) or your state's Silver Alert system. Provide law enforcement with a recent photo and a list of potential wandering destinations.
- Establish a 'phone tree': Create a list of friends and family to call in a specific order if your loved one is missing. This can mobilize a wider search party quickly.
Conclusion
Wandering is a serious and frightening reality for many caring for a person with dementia. By taking proactive steps, caregivers can effectively mitigate the risks. Combining modern technology, such as GPS trackers and smart home sensors, with basic safety precautions like securing the home and creating a routine, provides the most comprehensive protection. A multi-layered approach ensures that you have multiple backups in place, providing peace of mind and, most importantly, keeping your loved one safe. Remember to involve the person in decision-making whenever possible, explaining that these measures are for their safety.
How to Keep Track of a Person with Dementia? - An Outbound Resource
For additional support and resources, the Alzheimer's Association provides extensive information and support for caregivers dealing with dementia-related behaviors, including wandering. Their website offers practical tips, access to support groups, and a 24/7 helpline.
