How to place a bed pan on a bedridden patient? A Comprehensive Guide

According to the CDC, over 1.3 million Americans reside in nursing homes, many of whom require assistance with daily tasks like using a bed pan. Knowing how to place a bed pan on a bedridden patient correctly is essential for maintaining dignity, preventing complications, and ensuring comfort for your loved one.

Quick Summary

Placing a bedpan involves gathering necessary supplies, explaining the process to the patient, using gloves, and either rolling or lifting the patient to position the pan securely, followed by careful removal and cleaning.

Key Points

• Gather Supplies First: Always have all necessary items, including gloves, wipes, and a protective pad, ready before starting the process.

• Communicate Clearly: Explain each step to the patient to provide reassurance and maintain their dignity, even if they are unresponsive.

• Choose the Right Technique: Use the rolling method for mobile patients and the lifting method (with assistance) for those who cannot roll.

• Prioritize Hygiene: Wear gloves at all times, wipe from front to back, and thoroughly clean the bedpan and wash your hands after use.

• Ensure Comfort and Privacy: Always provide a privacy blanket and ensure the bedpan is positioned correctly and comfortably before and after use.

• Handle with Care: Use smooth, gentle movements when placing and removing the bedpan to prevent discomfort, spillage, or injury.

Preparing for Bedpan Placement

Before you begin, gathering and organizing all the necessary supplies is crucial for a smooth and efficient process. This helps minimize discomfort for the patient and reduces the overall time required. A prepared caregiver is an effective caregiver.

Supplies You Will Need

• Bedpan: Choose a standard size or a fracture bedpan, which has a flatter side for easier placement under those with limited mobility or hip injuries.
• Gloves: Disposable, non-latex gloves are essential for hygiene and infection control.
• Toilet Paper and Wipes: Soft toilet paper and pre-moistened disposable wipes are needed for cleaning.
• Protective Pads: Chux pads or a waterproof bed protector can prevent soiling the bed linens.
• Basin with Warm Water and Soap: For a more thorough cleaning, if necessary.
• Towel or Washcloth: For drying the skin after cleaning.
• Privacy Blanket: A lightweight blanket or towel for draping can help maintain the patient's privacy and dignity.
• Waste Container: A covered container for disposing of waste.

Communication and Patient Privacy

Communication is key. Always explain each step to the patient, even if they appear unresponsive. This provides reassurance and respects their autonomy. Before starting, close the door or pull the curtain to ensure privacy. Explain exactly what you are going to do and why it is important for their comfort and health. Ask if they have any concerns or questions. This dialogue helps build trust and makes the patient feel involved in their own care.

Placing the Bedpan: Step-by-Step Instructions

There are two primary methods for placing a bedpan: the rolling method and the lifting method. The best approach depends on the patient's mobility and comfort level.

Method 1: The Rolling Technique

This method is often preferred for patients who can roll over with some assistance.

1. Lower the Head of the Bed: Ensure the bed is flat or as low as the patient can tolerate. This reduces the arch in the back and makes the process more comfortable.
2. Turn the Patient: Gently assist the patient in rolling onto their side, away from you. You can place a pillow behind their back for support and security.
3. Position the Bedpan: Place the bedpan firmly against the patient's buttocks, ensuring the open rim faces towards their feet. For a fracture pan, the flat side goes towards the back.
4. Roll Back onto the Bedpan: Gently guide the patient to roll back onto their back, centering them on the bedpan. Ensure they are comfortable and that the pan is securely in place.
5. Elevate the Head of the Bed: Slowly raise the head of the bed to a semi-Fowler position (approximately 30-45 degrees). This position mimics a natural sitting posture and aids elimination. Check again for comfort.
6. Provide Privacy and Assistance: Cover the patient with a sheet and give them toilet paper. Leave the room to provide privacy, but remain nearby. Respond promptly when they signal they are finished.

Method 2: The Lifting Technique

This method is suitable for patients who cannot roll or for whom rolling is too painful. It often requires another person to assist.

1. Prepare the Patient: Explain the process and have them bend their knees with feet flat on the bed. If able, they can use their elbows and feet to push up.
2. Lift and Position: If you have a helper, each person stands on one side of the bed. Count to three and lift the patient's hips together while the second person slides the bedpan underneath. If you are alone, place your hand under the patient's lower back to help them lift, then slide the bedpan into place.
3. Ensure Comfort: Once in position, help the patient settle back down gently. Check their comfort and ensure the bedpan is centered.
4. Elevate and Provide Privacy: Raise the head of the bed as described in the rolling method and provide privacy.

Removing the Bedpan and Cleaning

Once the patient is finished, the removal process also requires care to maintain hygiene and prevent spills.

1. Lower the Bed: Return the head of the bed to a flat position to prevent spillage during removal.
2. Remove the Bedpan: Ask the patient to lift their hips or, using the rolling method, help them turn onto their side and remove the bedpan. Use one hand to hold the bedpan firmly in place while the patient turns off it.
3. Clean the Patient: Use toilet paper to wipe the patient from front to back to prevent bacteria spread. Follow up with a damp cloth or disposable wipes. Always ensure the area is thoroughly dried.
4. Discard and Clean Bedpan: Cover the bedpan and carry it to the toilet. Empty the contents and rinse it out with water. A dedicated basin for cleaning and disinfecting the bedpan is advisable. Disinfect the bedpan and store it for future use. Wash your hands thoroughly.

Addressing Common Issues

Issue	Cause	Solution
Skin Irritation	Prolonged contact with moisture; chafing.	Use protective pads and cream; change position frequently.
Infection	Poor hygiene or incorrect wiping direction.	Ensure thorough cleaning; always wipe front to back.
Discomfort	Improper positioning or cold bedpan.	Warm the bedpan with warm water first (dry well); adjust position carefully.
Falls	Patient trying to get off the bedpan unassisted.	Never leave a patient unassisted if there's any risk of falling.
Spills	Tilting the bedpan during placement or removal.	Keep the bedpan level and use caution when maneuvering.

Training for Caregivers

While this guide provides a foundation, formal training is highly beneficial for caregivers. Reputable organizations, like the American Red Cross, offer caregiving courses that cover these skills and more. Proper training not only boosts confidence but also provides professional techniques for patient safety and comfort.

Conclusion

Placing a bedpan on a bedridden patient is a sensitive task that requires patience, communication, and a careful technique. By following a clear, step-by-step process and always prioritizing the patient's dignity and comfort, caregivers can perform this essential duty effectively. Regular practice and continued learning are key to mastering this skill and providing compassionate care.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best way to clean a bedpan after use?

After emptying the contents into the toilet, rinse the bedpan with cool water. Then, wash it with warm, soapy water and a brush. For disinfection, a solution of one part bleach to ten parts water can be used. Rinse thoroughly and let it air dry.

How can I prevent spills when using a bedpan?

To prevent spills, ensure the bed is flat or at a low angle during placement and removal. Keep the bedpan level at all times, and use a covered waste container when transporting it. Place a protective pad under the patient for added security.

What kind of bedpan should I use for someone with a hip injury?

A fracture bedpan is recommended for patients with hip injuries or limited mobility. Its unique design features a low, flat side that is easier and less painful to slide under the patient.

How do I ensure the patient is comfortable on the bedpan?

Warm the bedpan with warm water before placing it (ensure it is dry), and adjust the patient's position gently. Raising the head of the bed to a semi-sitting position can also increase comfort and make elimination easier.

Is it better to use the rolling or lifting technique?

The best technique depends on the patient's mobility. The rolling technique is often more comfortable and independent for patients who can assist. The lifting technique is better for those with very limited movement but should be done with a helper if possible to prevent injury.

How often should a bedridden patient use a bedpan?

Frequency depends on the patient's needs, but it's important to establish a regular schedule. Some patients may need it every 2-4 hours, while others may be less frequent. Always respond promptly when the patient signals their need.

What if the patient is unable to assist at all?

If the patient cannot assist, the lifting technique is necessary. It is highly recommended to have another person help to lift and position the patient, minimizing the risk of injury to both the patient and the caregiver.