How to professionally say old people? A Guide to Respectful Language

Research consistently shows that using respectful and inclusive language can significantly influence perceptions and improve well-being among older adults. Navigating how to professionally say old people requires a thoughtful approach, prioritizing dignity and avoiding outdated or potentially harmful labels.

Quick Summary

The most professionally accepted and respectful term is 'older adults,' emphasizing person-first language and avoiding ageist stereotypes often associated with terms like 'elderly' or 'senior citizen,' whose connotations are often viewed negatively.

Key Points

• Use 'Older Adults': The most neutral and widely accepted term in professional settings is 'older adults'.

• Avoid Outdated Terms: Steer clear of terms like 'elderly,' 'seniors,' or 'the aged' as they can be patronizing or carry negative connotations.

• Focus on Person-First Language: Put the person before their age or condition (e.g., 'a person with dementia' instead of 'a dementia patient').

• Be Specific When Possible: If relevant, use a specific age range rather than a broad, generalizing term (e.g., 'adults 65-75').

• Prioritize Respectful Communication: Beyond just words, ensure your overall communication style is respectful, avoids assumptions, and provides clear, accessible information.

The Importance of Respectful Terminology

Language is a powerful tool that shapes our perceptions and interactions. When referring to a group of people, the words we choose can either reinforce harmful stereotypes or foster an environment of respect and inclusivity. Ageism, a form of prejudice based on age, is deeply ingrained in many societies, and the terms we use can either perpetuate or combat it. By consciously selecting our words, especially in professional contexts, we can help shift societal narratives and contribute to a more positive view of aging.

Negative language and stereotypes about aging are not benign; research links them to poorer health outcomes, including physical and mental health issues, a reduced quality of life, and even earlier death for older individuals. This makes the professional and respectful use of language not merely a matter of politeness but a significant factor in promoting healthy aging and overall well-being. Terms that generalize or imply frailty can be particularly damaging.

Preferred Terms and Phrases

Several style guides, including those from the American Medical Association and Associated Press, offer clear recommendations for respectful language. For broad, professional communication, the following terms are preferred:

• Older adults: This is the most widely recommended and neutral term, focusing on the individual as an adult first and their age as a descriptor. It is less likely to carry negative connotations or stereotypes.
• Older people/Older persons: Similar to "older adults," this phrase is a suitable and respectful alternative for general reference.
• Specific age ranges: When possible and relevant, providing a specific age range is the clearest and most descriptive option, for example, "people between the ages of 75 and 85".
• Elders: This term can be appropriate and culturally specific in certain contexts, particularly within some American Indian/Alaska Native communities, but should be used with caution otherwise.
• Using formal titles: When addressing individuals directly, using formal titles like Mr., Ms., or Dr. is always a safe and respectful default, especially until a preference is established.

Putting the Person First

Placing the person before their age or condition is a key strategy for maintaining dignity. For example, instead of "the diabetic senior," one should say "an older adult with diabetes." This phrasing acknowledges the person's individuality, rather than defining them by a health condition or age group.

Terms to Avoid and Why

Many commonly used terms, while sometimes intended innocently, carry negative or paternalistic undertones and should be avoided in professional communication:

• The Elderly/Elderly people: Often implies frailty, weakness, and a general decline, which is a harmful stereotype. It is discouraged by major style guides.
• Seniors/Senior Citizens: These terms, though common, can be considered patronizing or outdated by some. They originated in a different era and carry baggage for many older individuals.
• The aged: This is a generalizing and impersonal term that treats a diverse group of people as a monolithic category and should be avoided.
• Geriatrics: This is a branch of medicine and should not be used to describe individuals or a group of people.
• Baby Boomer: While a demographic term, using it as a general descriptor can be reductive and dismissive, particularly in a professional setting.
• Euphemisms: Phrases like "of a certain age" can suggest there is something shameful or taboo about growing older.

Comparison of Professional and Outdated Terminology

Context	Recommended Term	Terms to Avoid
General Reference	Older adults, Older persons	The elderly, Senior citizens, The aged
Describing a Health Condition	An older adult with diabetes	The diabetic senior
Healthcare Setting	Patient, Client, Individual	The geriatric patient
Workplace	Experienced employees, Long-term staff	Old-timer, Veteran
Marketing	Mature consumer, Active adults	Golden-agers, Seniors

Beyond Terminology: Cultivating a Respectful Mindset

Professional communication about aging extends beyond a simple word swap. It requires a shift in mindset to view older adults as diverse individuals with unique experiences, perspectives, and capabilities. This includes:

• Avoiding assumptions: Never assume an older person is less competent, tech-savvy, or engaged based on their age.
• Person-first communication: Always focus on the person first, rather than their age or any perceived limitations. Ask for their preferences when appropriate.
• Active listening: Give older individuals your undivided attention. Some may process information at a different pace, and rushing them can lead to them holding back important information.
• Inclusive practices: For written materials, use accessible language, larger font sizes, and high-contrast color schemes to ensure clarity.

By adopting these practices, professionals can create a more inclusive and respectful environment. For more information on health communication, visit the Health.gov guidance on clear and respectful language.

The Evolving Landscape of Age-Inclusive Language

The language around aging is continuously evolving. As society becomes more aware of ageism and the diversity of the aging experience, preferred terminology shifts. This is a dynamic field, and staying informed is key to maintaining a professional and compassionate approach. Resources from gerontology societies and public health institutions are excellent sources for the latest guidance.

Conclusion

Choosing how to professionally say old people is a critical part of fostering respect and dignity in communication. The move towards using neutral, person-first language like "older adults" is a positive step that helps dismantle ageist stereotypes. By prioritizing respect, clarity, and individuality, professionals can ensure their communication is not only accurate but also compassionate and empowering for all involved. This commitment to thoughtful language benefits not just the older individuals we serve, but society as a whole, as we all progress through the natural and varied journey of aging. Using respectful terminology, coupled with a genuine, person-centered mindset, creates a better experience for everyone.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is 'older adults' preferred over 'seniors' or 'elderly'?

Terms like 'elderly' often carry implications of frailty and decline, while 'senior citizen' can feel outdated or patronizing. 'Older adults' is a more neutral, descriptive, and respectful term that emphasizes the person's adulthood without attaching stereotypes.

Is it okay to use the term 'elder'?

The term 'elder' can be appropriate in specific cultural contexts where it signifies respect and wisdom, such as in certain American Indian/Alaska Native communities. However, outside of these specific contexts, it is best to use neutral terms like 'older adults'.

How should I address an older person directly in a professional setting?

Begin by using a formal title, such as Mr., Ms., or Dr., until they indicate otherwise. This establishes respect and allows them to communicate their preferred term of address. Always speak to them as a fellow adult.

What is the best way to handle communication with an older person who has hearing or vision loss?

Communicate clearly and plainly, facing them directly so they can read your lips if necessary. Use visual aids or written takeaways with large, clear font. Avoid shouting or speaking in a high-pitched voice, as this can distort sounds.

Are there different standards for casual vs. professional communication about older individuals?

Yes, while casual conversation may be more relaxed, it's best to maintain respect and avoid potentially offensive or generalizing terms. In professional settings, adhering to formal, evidence-based guidelines for respectful language is essential to avoid ageism.

How does using respectful language for older adults affect healthy aging?

Using respectful language is a key strategy for combating ageism, which has been shown to negatively impact the mental and physical health of older people. Positive language can foster self-worth and counteract harmful societal stereotypes.

What if an older person refers to themselves using a term considered outdated?

If an individual uses a term for themselves, such as 'senior,' it is appropriate to follow their lead. The key is to respect their personal preference while maintaining respectful language in broader, general communication.