The Shift from 'Elderly' to 'Older Adults'
Language is not static; it evolves to reflect changes in societal values and understanding. The term "elderly" was once common, but it has fallen out of favor due to its problematic associations. As our society becomes more aware of ageism and its impact, there is a greater push for respectful and inclusive terminology. This shift mirrors similar changes in language used for other groups, moving toward person-first language that focuses on individuality rather than defining someone by a single characteristic.
Why 'Elderly' Is Problematic
Several factors contribute to why the term "elderly" is no longer the preferred descriptor for older people:
- Negative Connotations: The word often evokes images of frailty, dependency, and decline. It tends to group a diverse population into a single category based on perceived limitations rather than individual capabilities and vitality. Many people who are chronologically old do not consider themselves "elderly."
- Othering Effect: Using phrases like "the elderly" creates a sense of separation, or "othering," by categorizing a group of people rather than acknowledging them as individuals. This can be dehumanizing and impersonal, erasing the diverse experiences of people in later life.
- Lack of Specificity: The term is vague and lacks a precise definition. What one person considers elderly, another may not. In contrast, specifying an age group (e.g., "adults over 65") or using more neutral terms provides clearer and more accurate communication.
- Inconsistent Self-Identification: As pointed out by a Quora user, many people in this age group prefer to be called by their name, not labeled by a general term. Respecting an individual's preference is the most courteous approach.
Preferred Alternatives: Embracing Inclusive Language
In place of "elderly," a variety of more respectful and accurate terms are now used by major health organizations, media outlets, and research institutions. Choosing the right term often depends on context.
- Older Adults/Older People: This is the most widely recommended and neutral alternative. It is favored by organizations like the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) because it is less likely to connote discrimination and negative stereotypes.
- Elders: While potentially respectful and positive, this term can sometimes be appropriative, particularly when used outside of specific cultural contexts where it holds special significance, such as in some Native American or African American communities. It is best used when an individual or community explicitly prefers it.
- Senior/Senior Citizen: Once a polite alternative, these terms are also starting to fall out of favor for similar reasons as "elderly"—they can imply a monolithic group and negative stereotypes. However, some individuals still identify with these terms, so context and personal preference are key.
- Person-First Language: As is becoming common in other areas of health and care, leading with the individual is often best. For example, instead of "the elderly," say "people in their 80s," or if talking about a health condition, "a person with dementia" instead of "a dementia patient".
The Real-World Impact of Ageist Language
Using age-inclusive language is more than just being "politically correct." It has real implications for how society views and interacts with older people. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines ageism as involving stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination based on age, and research shows it can have negative impacts on older people's physical and mental health. By choosing respectful language, we can help dismantle these harmful stereotypes and promote a more positive view of aging.
Comparison of Terms
| Term to Avoid | Reasoning | Preferred Alternative | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly | Negative connotations, implies frailty, 'othering.' | Older adults/Older people | Neutral, avoids stereotypes, person-centered. |
| The aged | Impersonal and objectifying. | Older individuals, People over 65 | Emphasizes individuality and humanity. |
| Senior citizen | Outdated, can imply a uniform group. | Older person, Specific age range | More respectful, less likely to stereotype. |
| Frail elderly | Medicalizing term, focuses on decline. | Person living with frailty | Person-first, focuses on the individual's condition. |
Choosing the Right Words: Context and Empathy
When deciding which term to use, consider the specific context and the individual you are referring to. In formal writing, like academic papers or health-related content, "older adults" is a safe and broadly accepted choice. In informal conversation, the most respectful approach is to address people by their names. If you are unsure, listening to how others refer to themselves or asking for their preference is always the best option. The most important thing is to lead with empathy and respect.
Ultimately, the goal is to see and address individuals as people, not as representatives of an age group. Recognizing the rich diversity and contributions of older adults is a crucial step in combating ageism and creating a more inclusive society. As stated by the National Institute on Aging, making small but intentional word choice changes can help people think more positively about aging, benefiting everyone. For further authoritative guidance on inclusive language, consult resources like the Associated Press Stylebook guidelines on age.
Conclusion
The question, "is it politically correct to say 'elderly'?" reflects a growing understanding that language shapes perception. The term is widely considered outdated because it carries negative stereotypes and fails to acknowledge the diverse experiences of aging. By shifting toward respectful and person-centered terms like "older adults," we can foster a more positive and inclusive dialogue around aging. This simple change helps reinforce the dignity and individuality of all people, regardless of their age.
