Understanding Why “Elderly” Can Be Problematic
The term “elderly” was once a common descriptor but has fallen out of favor in many circles due to its problematic associations. The main reasons for this shift are rooted in ageism, the stereotyping and discrimination against individuals based on their age. Unlike other descriptors, "elderly" often carries a weight of negative assumptions that can be harmful.
Negative Stereotypes and Connotations
The word "elderly" frequently conjures images of frailty, helplessness, and decline. This can be particularly hurtful as it fails to acknowledge the incredible diversity and vibrancy of the older population. Many older adults are active, independent, and vital members of their communities, and the term "elderly" erases their individuality by lumping them into a single, often negative, category.
It’s “Othering” Language
Referring to a group of people as “the elderly” is a classic example of “othering.” This linguistic practice separates a group from the norm, effectively positioning them as different or less-than. It's a subtle but powerful way of creating a divide, rather than fostering a sense of shared humanity and respect. Using more person-first language, like "older adults," helps to maintain an individual's identity.
Preferred Terminology for Respectful Communication
As societal awareness of ageism increases, professional organizations have developed style guides to promote age-inclusive language. These guidelines recommend using more specific and respectful terms.
Using "Older Adults" or Specific Age Ranges
Many organizations, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA), recommend using terms like "older adults" or "older people". These terms are neutral and respectful, and they don't carry the negative baggage of "elderly." Furthermore, when possible and relevant, providing a specific age range is even more accurate and respectful, such as "people aged 65 and older".
Acknowledging Individuality
Instead of generalizing, focus on the individual. When discussing a person, using their name or specific details is always best. For instance, rather than saying, "An elderly woman was assisted," it is better to say, "A 75-year-old woman was assisted." This avoids age-based assumptions and provides more informative context.
When Is the Word "Elder" Appropriate?
The term "elder" is often seen as distinct from "elderly." In many cultures, particularly within Indigenous communities, "elder" is a title of respect for a person's wisdom and position within the community. It is not a synonym for an older person in general, and it should not be used as such in a casual context. It’s important to understand the cultural significance of the term before using it.
The Impact of Ageist Language
Ageist language, including the use of offensive terms, has real-world consequences beyond just hurt feelings. Research has shown links between ageist attitudes and poorer health outcomes for older adults.
Physical and Mental Health
Internalizing negative stereotypes about aging can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. When older adults are constantly exposed to ageist messages, they may start to believe they are less capable, which can impact their motivation and physical activity levels. This mindset can contribute to reduced quality of life and poorer mental health.
Reduced Quality of Life
Ageist language can reduce older adults' sense of self-worth and purpose. This can lead to withdrawal from social activities and a diminished sense of well-being. A respectful vocabulary, in contrast, promotes a sense of value and inclusion, which is crucial for healthy aging.
A Comparison of Age-Related Terms
| Term | Connotation | Usage Context | Best Practice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly | Often negative, suggesting frailty and dependence. | Outdated; avoid in most circumstances. | Use an alternative term. |
| Older Adults | Neutral, respectful, and inclusive. | General reference to people in later life. | Highly recommended. |
| Seniors | Can be acceptable, but some dislike it for being "othering." | Often used for discounts or specific programs. | Use with caution, or clarify if necessary. |
| The Aged | Categorical and highly impersonal. | Never use; considered very offensive. | Avoid completely. |
| Elder | Often carries deep cultural and respectful meaning. | Specific cultural contexts; always defer to individual preference. | Use only when appropriate and respectful. |
Conclusion: Choosing Words with Intent
In communication, intent matters, but so does impact. While some may use "elderly" without malicious intent, the term's negative and generalizing impact is undeniable. As we move toward a more inclusive society, being mindful of our language is vital. By choosing respectful, specific, and human-centered terms like "older adults," we can challenge ageist stereotypes and foster a more positive and respectful environment for people of all ages. Making these changes is a simple yet powerful way to combat ageism and promote healthy aging for everyone.
For more information on combating ageism and promoting healthy aging, check out this excellent resource from the American Psychological Association: Ageism is one of the last socially acceptable prejudices.
