The Importance of Age-Inclusive Language
Language evolves, and so does our understanding of respect and inclusivity. Just as we use person-first language in other contexts (e.g., "person with a disability"), it's important to use respectful terms when discussing older individuals. The use of outdated or loaded terms can perpetuate stereotypes, contribute to ageism, and negatively impact the health and well-being of older people. Opting for neutral, person-centered language shows respect for a person's life experience and individuality, rather than defining them solely by their age.
Why Terminology Matters in Senior Care and Communication
Ageism is defined as discrimination and stereotyping based on age. It can manifest in subtle ways, including our choice of words. Referring to individuals with labels like "the elderly" or "seniors" can be dehumanizing by grouping a highly diverse population into a single, often negatively stereotyped category. This is why using precise, respectful, and inclusive language is not merely a matter of being "politically correct," but a fundamental aspect of ethical communication, particularly in healthcare and senior care settings.
Moving Beyond Outdated Terms
Many traditional terms once considered acceptable are now viewed as outdated or carrying negative connotations. The movement toward more respectful language is driven by organizations like the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and major style guides, including the Associated Press (AP) and American Medical Association (AMA). They advocate for terms that focus on the individual and their humanity, rather than their age group. For example, instead of using the collective noun "the aged," which can imply frailty or being past one's prime, specific and respectful phrasing is preferred.
Preferred Terminology for Referring to Older Adults
Leading health and style authorities recommend using neutral, descriptive, and person-centered terms. The most common and widely accepted include:
- Older Adults: This is the most frequently recommended term and is often used in professional and medical contexts. It is inclusive and avoids stereotypes.
- Older People: Similar to "older adults," this is a neutral and respectful option for general reference.
- People over Age X: When discussing a specific age group, using a specific age range (e.g., "people over 65") is precise and descriptive.
- Older Persons: Another respectful and inclusive term, often used in formal or policy contexts.
When to Avoid Certain Words
It is equally important to know which terms to avoid and why they are considered problematic. The following is a list of terms often considered outdated or ageist:
- Geriatric: This is a medical term for the specialty of caring for older adults, not for referring to the people themselves. Using it as a descriptive adjective for a person can medicalize and stigmatize their age.
- The Elderly: This collective noun can strip individuals of their unique identities and implies a monolithic group. It is seen as othering and impersonal.
- Seniors / Senior Citizens: While still used by some, these terms are losing favor, especially among younger generations of older adults. They can feel outdated and carry the stigma of being defined by one's age rather than individual characteristics.
- The Aged: This term is widely considered outdated and dehumanizing.
- Golden Agers: This euphemism is often perceived as condescending.
Geriatrics vs. Gerontology: A Key Distinction
Understanding the difference between these two fields is crucial for accurate communication. While they both deal with aging, they are not interchangeable, and the terms should not be used to describe people.
| Aspect | Geriatrics | Gerontology |
|---|---|---|
| Field | Branch of medicine | The scientific study of aging |
| Focus | Medical care, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related diseases | Social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging |
| Purpose | To address the specific health needs of older people | To understand the aging process in all its complexities |
| Best Use of Term | To describe the field of medicine or care (e.g., "geriatric medicine") | To describe the field of study (e.g., "gerontology research") |
The Role of Respectful Communication in Healthcare
In medical settings, using respectful, person-first language is critical for building trust and ensuring dignity. Healthcare providers should prioritize terms like "older patient" or refer to the individual by name, rather than using terms that categorize them solely by their age. This approach is in line with broader movements toward person-centered care.
Specificity Over Generalization
When possible, being specific is the most respectful approach. For instance, instead of saying, "The senior citizens at the community center...," it's better to say, "The people over 65 who attend the community center..." or, even more specifically, "The attendees at the community center's luncheon..." This avoids making assumptions and recognizes the diversity of the group. For example, the Associated Press recommends specificity, writing "Delivery man charged in fatal attack on woman, 89" rather than "Delivery man charged in fatal attack on elderly woman".
Embracing a Forward-Thinking Perspective on Aging
Shifting our language away from ageist terms is part of a larger cultural change that views aging as a natural process rather than a decline. It acknowledges the wisdom, experience, and contributions of older adults and rejects fatalistic or negative attitudes toward growing older. Using terms like "older adults" helps reframe aging as a normal and valuable stage of life.
For more detailed guidance on age-inclusive communication, the National Institute on Aging provides excellent resources.
Conclusion: A Conscious Choice for Respect
Ultimately, the politically correct and most respectful term for referring to individuals who were once called "geriatric people" is "older adults" or a more specific, person-first phrase. This choice reflects an awareness of the harmful effects of ageism and a commitment to using language that is inclusive, neutral, and dignified. By making a conscious effort to update our vocabulary, we contribute to a more respectful and equitable society for all ages.
