Common Side Effects in Seniors
Like most vaccinations, the RSV shot can cause side effects as the immune system learns to recognize and fight the virus. For older adults, these reactions are typically mild and temporary, similar to those experienced with a flu shot or COVID-19 vaccine.
Injection Site Reactions
These are the most common side effects and occur at the spot on the arm where the vaccine was administered. They usually appear within a day or two and include:
- Pain or soreness: The most frequently reported symptom.
- Redness: Mild discoloration around the injection site.
- Swelling: A slight puffiness that subsides quickly.
Systemic Symptoms
Some seniors may experience more general, flu-like symptoms as their body builds immunity. These can include:
- Fatigue or tiredness: A general feeling of being unwell and low on energy.
- Headache: Mild to moderate head pain.
- Muscle or joint pain: Aches in the body, particularly around the vaccinated arm.
- Nausea: A feeling of sickness in the stomach.
- Fever: A low-grade temperature is possible but less common.
- Diarrhea: This has been reported in clinical trials, though sometimes at similar rates in placebo groups depending on the vaccine.
Comparing Arexvy and Abrysvo Side Effects
As of recent approvals, older adults have several RSV vaccine options, primarily Arexvy (GSK) and Abrysvo (Pfizer). While they share many common side effects, there are subtle differences in their formulations that may affect an individual's experience.
| Feature | Arexvy (GSK) | Abrysvo (Pfizer) |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Recombinant protein subunit, contains an adjuvant to boost immune response. | Recombinant protein subunit, bivalent (contains proteins for RSV A and B), does not contain an adjuvant. |
| Common Side Effects | Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle pain. | Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle pain. Also may cause nausea and diarrhea. |
| Rare Concerns | Neurologic conditions like GBS (rare), brain and spinal cord inflammation (very rare, especially when given with other vaccines). | Neurologic conditions like GBS (rare), atrial fibrillation (rare irregular heart rhythm). |
How Long Do Side Effects Last?
For most older adults, common side effects are short-lived. Aches, headaches, and fatigue generally improve within 24 to 48 hours. Injection site soreness might linger for a few days but is usually mild and doesn't interfere with daily activities. Some seniors may not experience any side effects at all.
Managing Mild Symptoms at Home
For the majority of people, managing post-vaccination symptoms is straightforward and can be done with simple at-home care:
- For injection site discomfort: Applying a clean, cool compress to the area can help reduce pain and swelling. Gentle arm movement can also reduce stiffness.
- For fever or headache: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen can provide relief. Always consult a pharmacist or doctor before taking new medication.
- For fatigue: Plan to rest and take it easy for a day or two after your vaccine. Keep your schedule light to allow your body to recover.
- For nausea or diarrhea: Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids. Consider eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding spicy or greasy foods.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
While severe reactions are very rare, it is important to know the warning signs. You should contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience:
- Symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): This includes sudden weakness or tingling in the hands or feet, difficulty walking, or sharp pain.
- Signs of an allergic reaction: Hives, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, or difficulty breathing warrant immediate medical attention.
- Worsening or prolonged symptoms: If your mild symptoms last longer than a few days, become more severe, or are a cause for concern.
The Bottom Line for Seniors
Getting vaccinated against RSV is a crucial step in protecting older adults from potentially life-threatening complications, which include severe pneumonia and worsening of existing conditions like COPD or asthma. The common side effects are generally mild and temporary, and the risk of serious complications from the vaccine is far outweighed by the benefits of protection against the virus. Discussing the vaccine with your healthcare provider will help determine the best course of action based on your individual health needs. For the most up-to-date information on RSV vaccination, consult the official CDC website.
