What are good games for dementia? A guide to finding engaging activities

According to the Alzheimer's Association, engaging in mentally stimulating activities can help slow cognitive decline. Finding good games for dementia patients is an effective way to improve mood, reduce agitation, and provide meaningful connection with family members and caregivers.

Quick Summary

The most effective games for dementia are adapted to the individual's cognitive stage and focus on familiar, enjoyable, and low-stress activities rather than competition. Excellent options range from simple card and board games to puzzles, music-based activities, and sensory play, all of which can boost mood and foster interaction.

Key Points

• Adapt games to ability: Select activities that match the person's current cognitive stage to prevent frustration and maximize engagement.

• Prioritize enjoyment over winning: The goal is positive interaction and fun, not competition. Focus on the process and celebrate participation.

• Use familiar and simple games: Rely on classic games or activities with straightforward rules that tap into long-term memory.

• Incorporate sensory stimulation: For later stages, focus on activities that engage the senses, such as sensory bins or music.

• Create a calm environment: Minimize distractions and choose a comfortable, well-lit space for game time.

• Keep sessions short and flexible: Follow the person's lead and end the game before they become tired or agitated.

The Importance of Play for People with Dementia

Play is not just for children; it is a fundamental human need that remains vital throughout our lives. For individuals living with dementia, engaging in enjoyable, low-pressure games and activities can provide significant benefits. These activities can help maintain cognitive function for as long as possible, improve mood, reduce anxiety and agitation, and create a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The key is to choose activities that are tailored to the person's current abilities and preferences, focusing on the shared experience rather than winning or losing.

Choosing Games for Different Stages of Dementia

The most successful approach to gaming with a loved one with dementia is to adapt the game to their stage of the condition. What works in the early stages might be frustrating later on. Flexibility and observation are crucial.

Early-Stage Dementia

In the early stages, an individual may still enjoy and benefit from games that require more complex thought and strategy. Activities that were lifelong hobbies are excellent choices to maintain a sense of self and normalcy.

• Card Games: Classic games like Go Fish, War, or simple versions of Rummy can be great for memory recall and social interaction. Consider using large-print playing cards for better visibility.
• Word Games: Simple crossword puzzles, word searches with large print, or even games like Scrabble (with relaxed rules) can stimulate language and memory skills.
• Board Games: Familiar classics like Checkers or Dominoes can be engaging. The clear, high-contrast pieces of dominoes are often easy to handle and see.
• Trivia: Playing trivia games based on the person's youth or favorite topics can spark long-term memory and be a fun, social experience.

Middle-Stage Dementia

As dementia progresses, complex rules and abstract thinking can become frustrating. The focus should shift to sensory experiences and simplified games that promote connection.

• Matching Games: Picture matching games, where the individual turns over cards to find pairs, are excellent for concentration and memory. Use large, simple images or even laminated photos of family members.
• Sorting Activities: Sorting objects by color, shape, or size can be very calming and rewarding. Use items like buttons, colored blocks, or different colored socks.
• Music-Based Games: Music often remains accessible to individuals with dementia even when other memories fade. Play a game of "Name That Tune" with their favorite old songs. Sing-alongs can also be a joyous group activity.
• Picture Bingo: Create bingo cards with pictures of animals, food, or famous people instead of numbers. This removes the pressure of number recognition and replaces it with familiar, positive imagery.

Late-Stage Dementia

In the later stages, activities should focus on sensory stimulation and gentle interaction to provide comfort and a sense of calm.

• Sensory Bins: Fill a small bin with items of different textures, like soft fabric scraps, smooth stones, or scented objects like pinecones. The act of touching and exploring these items can be soothing.
• Memory Boxes: A box filled with familiar, nostalgic items, such as old photos, a favorite scarf, or a familiar tool, can be used for gentle conversation and memory recall.
• Light Physical Games: Simple activities like tossing a soft balloon or beanbag back and forth can provide light physical exercise and a fun, repetitive motion. This can often be done while seated.

Tips for Making Game Time Successful

1. Set the Right Environment: Choose a quiet, well-lit space with minimal distractions to help the person focus.
2. Keep it Simple: Explain rules clearly and concisely. If a game becomes too complicated, simplify it. It’s okay to bend or change the rules.
3. Focus on Enjoyment, Not Competition: Praise and encouragement are more important than winning. Celebrate participation and small successes.
4. Keep Sessions Short: Start with 10-15 minute sessions and watch for signs of fatigue or frustration. It’s better to have several short, positive experiences than one long, overwhelming one.
5. Use Adaptable Materials: Look for large-print cards, high-contrast pieces, or simple wooden puzzles that are easy to handle.
6. Incorporate Personal History: Use games and topics that tap into the individual's long-term memory. This can evoke positive emotions and reinforce their identity.

Comparison of Games for Different Dementia Stages

Game Type	Best Stage(s)	Key Skills Engaged	Adaptability Tips
Word Searches	Early	Language skills, pattern recognition, attention	Use larger print and simpler word lists.
Jigsaw Puzzles	Early to Middle	Spatial awareness, problem-solving, fine motor skills	Use smaller piece counts (e.g., 24-50 pieces) and familiar images.
Simple Card Games (Go Fish)	Early to Middle	Memory, attention, social interaction	Use large-print cards and focus on finding pairs.
Sorting Items (Buttons/Socks)	Middle to Late	Fine motor skills, focus, sense of order	Use brightly colored or textured items.
Sensory Bins	Late	Tactile stimulation, relaxation	Include items with different feels and scents.
Music Sing-Alongs	Early to Late	Long-term memory, mood elevation, emotional connection	Use familiar songs from their younger years.

Creating Meaningful Connection

Ultimately, the value of games for people with dementia is not in the game itself but in the connection and emotional engagement it fosters. Playing a game together is an act of care that says, "I see you, and I am here with you." For more information on activities and engagement for those with cognitive decline, you can consult resources like the Alzheimer's Society https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/living-with-dementia/activities-and-hobbies-dementia.

Conclusion

Playing games with a loved one who has dementia is a rewarding way to provide cognitive stimulation, promote social interaction, and create positive moments. By choosing and adapting games based on the person's abilities and focusing on shared enjoyment rather than competition, caregivers can use play as a powerful tool to enhance their loved one's quality of life. The right game, at the right time, can be a simple but profound gift.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know what games are appropriate for my loved one?

Observe their reactions to different activities. If they seem frustrated, the game might be too complex. Start with familiar, simple activities and see what they enjoy most. Their past hobbies can also be a great starting point.

What if they get frustrated while playing a game?

If frustration arises, it's best to stop the game immediately and switch to a more calming or familiar activity, like listening to music or looking at a photo album. Reassure them that it's okay and the goal is just to have fun.

Can I use digital or tablet games for dementia patients?

Yes, simple and easy-to-navigate apps on tablets can be effective. Look for coloring apps, simple jigsaw puzzles, or music apps with large buttons. Be mindful of screen time and potential for overstimulation.

Are games only for memory? What about physical activity?

Games can and should involve physical movement when possible. Simple activities like balloon toss or chair exercises can provide light physical stimulation, improve coordination, and be a fun, engaging break.

How long should a game session last?

Short sessions of 10 to 20 minutes are often most effective, especially for middle and late-stage dementia. Multiple short sessions throughout the day are often better than one long one, as they prevent fatigue.

What if my loved one refuses to play games?

Respect their wishes. Forcing participation can increase agitation. Instead, try offering the activity in a different way or at another time. You can also try other engaging activities like baking, gardening, or listening to music.

Should I use games designed specifically for dementia?

While many specialized dementia games are excellent, you don't necessarily need to buy them. Many classic, everyday games can be adapted. The key is simplifying the rules and using familiar materials.

How can I make games more social?

Invite other family members or friends to join. Playing in small, comfortable groups can foster social interaction and make the activity more meaningful. Remember to keep the focus on fun and connection for everyone involved.