The question of what are older seniors called is more complex than it first appears, reflecting a broader shift in society's perception of aging. Current best practices emphasize precision and respect over catch-all phrases to counter ageism and acknowledge the diversity within the older population.
Preferred Terminology in Gerontology and Public Health
Experts advocate for age-inclusive language, moving away from terms that imply frailty. Recommended terms include:
- Older Adults or Older Persons: The widely recommended and respectful term for those 65 and over, it is neutral, person-first, and avoids negative stereotypes associated with "elderly".
- Oldest-Old: Refers specifically to individuals aged 85 and older in research and clinical settings, reflecting distinct health and lifestyle differences in later life.
- Specific Age Ranges: Providing specific age ranges (e.g., "people aged 75 to 84 years") offers greater clarity than broad terms when possible.
Subcategories for Advanced Age
Gerontologists use subcategories to accurately describe the diversity among older adults:
- Young-Old: Typically 65 to 74 years old, often active and independent.
- Middle-Old: Generally 75 to 84 years old, where health concerns may increase.
- Oldest-Old: Individuals 85 and older, the fastest-growing segment often requiring specialized care.
- Centenarians and Supercentenarians: Terms for individuals 100 or older and 110 or older, respectively.
Comparison of Age-Related Terminology
| Term | Description | Common Usage | Connotation & Best Practice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly | General term for people over 65 | Traditional medical or journalistic contexts | Often considered vague, outdated, and stereotyping. Should be avoided. |
| Senior Citizen | Common term for retired or older people | Public discourse, marketing, benefits programs | Can be seen as infantilizing; many older adults find it offensive. |
| Older Adults/Persons | Neutral, person-first language | Academic, clinical, and respectful general communication | Preferred modern term. |
| Oldest-Old | Specific subgroup of those aged 85+ | Gerontological research, specialized care | Precise and useful for discussing needs of the very old. |
The Problem with Outdated Labels
Outdated terms perpetuate ageism. A 2017 survey mentioned in a Televeda article indicated many adults over 65 dislike "seniors" and "senior citizens". Using respectful, person-first language helps reframe the narrative around aging as a diverse experience, fostering a more inclusive society.
Conclusion
To respectfully and accurately refer to older seniors, use age-inclusive language like "older adults" or the specific label "oldest-old" for those in the most advanced age group. Adopting precise terminology helps combat ageism and promotes a respectful discourse about all stages of life.
Respectful Language Evolving
Prioritizing person-first language and using specific age brackets are evolving best practices. The National Institute on Aging offers further guidance on avoiding ageism in written communication.
How to Refer to an Individual
The most respectful approach for an individual is to use their name or ask their preference. If age is relevant, a phrase like "my 89-year-old grandmother" is preferred over potentially offensive labels.
