What do you call someone over the age of 65? A Guide to Respectful Terminology

According to the World Health Organization, the number of people aged 60 and over is projected to double by 2050. Navigating respectful and appropriate language for this growing demographic can be challenging, but understanding the nuances is crucial to combating ageism. When considering what do you call someone over the age of 65, several factors come into play, including context and personal preference.

Quick Summary

The most widely accepted and neutral term for someone over 65 is "older adult" or "older person." While terms like "senior citizen" and "elderly" were once common, many older individuals find them outdated and sometimes patronizing. The best practice is always to prioritize personal preference and use specific language where possible to reflect the diversity within this age group.

Key Points

• Older Adult is Preferred: The most respectful and neutral term for someone over 65 is "older adult" or "older person," recommended by health and aging experts.

• "Senior Citizen" is Outdated: Many people find the term "senior citizen" patronizing, with a history tied to specific government benefits rather than a celebration of life experience.

• Avoid "Elderly": The word "elderly" often implies frailty and negative stereotypes, so it is generally best to avoid its use.

• Reserve "Geriatric" for Medical Use: The term "geriatric" should only be used in a medical context, as it refers to a specific branch of medicine.

• Personal Preference is Key: Always use a person's first name whenever possible, and be guided by their preferences, as opinions on age-related labels can vary widely.

• Context Matters: Specificity is often better than generalization. Referring to individuals by their name or a specific age range can be more accurate and respectful.

• Language Fights Ageism: Choosing age-inclusive language is an important step in combating ageism and fostering a more respectful society for all people.

The Evolution of Language in Aging

Language evolves with societal norms, and the terminology used to describe older people is no exception. Words like "elderly" and "senior citizen," once considered standard, are now viewed with scrutiny. These terms are often criticized for generalizing a vast and diverse group of individuals and carrying negative or frail connotations. The shift toward more inclusive language is driven by a broader movement to increase awareness of ageism and its harmful effects on health and quality of life.

Why Neutrality Matters

Choosing neutral and person-first language is a key aspect of respectful communication. Instead of focusing on age as a defining characteristic, using phrases like "older adults," "older persons," or simply referring to people by their names helps normalize aging as a natural part of life. This approach avoids othering and reinforces that older individuals are just that—individuals, with unique experiences, abilities, and identities. This is in contrast to outdated terms that paint a monolithic picture of a person's later years.

Understanding Common Terminology

To help clarify the landscape, let's break down several terms and why they may or may not be the best choice:

• Older Adults/Older Persons: This is the preferred, inclusive, and neutral language recommended by organizations like the National Institute on Aging and the American Medical Association. It is broad and doesn't carry the negative baggage of other terms.
• Senior Citizen: This term, which became widespread after the Social Security Act of 1935, is now often seen as patronizing or outdated. The stigma is rooted in its association with government benefits and a less vibrant, more dependent image of older age, which many do not identify with.
• Elderly: Widely considered to be a term with negative connotations, "elderly" can imply frailty or incompetence. While still used in some medical and legal contexts, it is best to avoid it in general conversation.
• Geriatric: This is a medical term referring to the branch of medicine focused on the health of older people. It should be reserved for clinical settings and not used to describe individuals or groups in casual conversation.

The Importance of Context and Specificity

While "older adult" is a safe and respectful default, context and specificity can lead to even better communication. For instance, in a medical study, it may be appropriate to refer to "patients aged 65 to 75" to be precise. In a conversation, referring to a person by their name is always best. When discussing a policy or a demographic group, using specific age ranges or other descriptors can be more accurate and respectful. The best approach is to listen and adapt to individual preferences.

Why Avoiding Ageism is More Than Just Words

Ageist language can subtly shape our perceptions and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. It can influence how healthcare is delivered, how products are marketed, and how older individuals are treated in social and professional settings. Moving beyond outdated labels is a crucial step toward fostering a more inclusive and respectful society for all ages. It acknowledges that people's lives are not defined by a single age marker and that diversity of experience continues throughout the life course. Respecting personal preferences and staying informed on current best practices is a way to actively combat ageism.

Terminology Comparison for People Over 65

Term	Recommended Use	Reason
Older Adult	Best for general use.	Neutral, respectful, and widely accepted.
Older Person	Best for general use.	Same as older adult; focuses on the individual.
Senior Citizen	Avoid.	Considered outdated and potentially patronizing by many.
Elderly	Avoid.	Carries negative connotations of frailty and generalization.
Geriatric	Medical context only.	Refers to a branch of medicine; not for general use.
Person's First Name	Always best.	Most personal and respectful, regardless of age.

Making the Effort to Choose the Right Words

Learning and adapting to more respectful language is a simple but impactful way to honor the dignity of older adults. This change requires conscious effort to move past ingrained habits and to recognize that a person's value is not diminished by their age. As society becomes more aware of ageism, language will continue to be a central part of the conversation. Resources such as the National Institute on Aging provide valuable guidance on this topic, and being mindful of our words is a powerful first step.

For more information on promoting positive aging, you can explore the resources available at the National Institute on Aging.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it okay to use the term 'senior citizen'?

While the term was once common, many people now consider it outdated and patronizing. Phrases like "older adult" are generally preferred, but the best approach is to listen to an individual's personal preference.

Why is the word 'elderly' not recommended?

The word "elderly" is often associated with negative connotations like frailty and dependence. Experts in gerontology and age-inclusive language recommend more neutral terms like "older adult".

What is the best term to use in general conversation?

The most respectful term is a person's name. When speaking more generally, "older adult" or "older person" is the most widely accepted and neutral option.

Can I use the word 'geriatric'?

"Geriatric" is a specific medical term related to the health care of older people. It should be used in a clinical or research context, not to describe individuals in casual conversation.

How can I avoid ageism in my language?

To avoid ageism, use person-first language, focus on an individual's abilities and contributions rather than their age, and stay updated on evolving terminology from sources like the National Institute on Aging.

What if a person over 65 refers to themselves as a 'senior'?

If an individual uses a specific term to describe themselves, it is appropriate to use that term with them. However, it's still best to stick with more inclusive language for the general population.

Does the term 'elder' have different meanings?

Yes, while sometimes used respectfully, the term "elder" can be culturally specific, especially within some Native American communities. In general use, "older adult" is a safer, more inclusive choice unless you are sure of the individual's preference.