The Importance of Age-Inclusive Language
Using thoughtful, age-inclusive language is a growing best practice in healthcare, media, and everyday interactions. Terms that are rooted in older societal views can carry negative or stereotypical connotations that may be offensive or misrepresentative. A person's age does not define their abilities, health status, or life experiences. By choosing more respectful alternatives, we help foster a culture that values and respects older individuals for their unique contributions and individuality.
Preferred and Widely Accepted Terminology
Several options are available for describing the older population, with some being more broadly accepted than others:
- Older Adults: This is a neutral, person-centered term that is widely endorsed by many professional organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Associated Press (AP). Its strength lies in its inclusivity and avoidance of negative stereotypes often associated with older age. It acknowledges that older individuals are, first and foremost, adults with diverse experiences and capabilities.
- Older Persons or Older People: Similar to 'older adults,' these terms place the person before the age descriptor. They are often used interchangeably with 'older adults' and are considered respectful in most contexts.
- People over Age X: This is a highly specific and neutral way to describe a particular demographic group in research or policy contexts. For instance, referring to "people over age 65" or "individuals between 75 and 84" is both accurate and non-stereotypical.
- Elder: This term can be appropriate and culturally specific, particularly within certain communities, such as some American Indian and Alaska Native populations. However, it should be used with caution and cultural sensitivity, as its use varies significantly across different cultures and personal preferences.
Terminology to Avoid or Use with Caution
Some terms, while once common, are now considered outdated, less respectful, or inaccurate due to negative connotations. It is important to be aware of these as they can perpetuate ageist stereotypes.
- Elderly: While still used in some settings, this term can imply frailty, dependence, and generalized decline. Many style guides and organizations now recommend avoiding it in favor of more specific and neutral language.
- Senior Citizen: This term, which became widespread in the mid-20th century, is often seen as dated or condescending by older adults themselves. Many organizations, such as the AARP, avoid this term in favor of 'older adults'.
- The Aged: This term, and similar "othering" language, can dehumanize individuals by defining them solely by their age.
- Geriatric: This is a specific medical term referring to the branch of medicine focused on older adults. It is incorrect to use this as a general descriptor for individuals or populations.
Comparing Terminology: Respectful vs. Outdated
To further clarify best practices, this table compares widely used terms for describing the older population.
| Term | Connotation | Usage Context | Recommended? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Older Adults/Persons | Neutral, respectful, person-first | General conversation, professional writing, journalism, healthcare | Yes |
| People over Age X | Specific, clinical, neutral | Research, policy, specific demographic studies | Yes |
| Elder | Respectful, culturally specific | Certain communities (requires cultural sensitivity); generally less common for broad use | Sometimes |
| The Elderly | Generalizing, potentially negative | Formerly common, now often avoided | No |
| Senior Citizen | Outdated, potentially condescending | Formerly common; still used in some commercial contexts (e.g., discounts) | No |
| The Aged | Dehumanizing, stereotypical | Avoided | No |
| Geriatric | Medical, clinical | Specific to the medical field | No (when describing individuals) |
The Impact of Language on Healthy Aging
Negative and ageist language can affect perceptions of aging and even impact health outcomes. By shifting our language towards more positive and person-centered descriptors, we can change the narrative around aging from one of decline and frailty to one of continued growth, resilience, and contribution. Promoting healthy aging is not just about physical health but also includes mental and emotional well-being, both of which are influenced by societal attitudes and the language we use.
For additional guidance on practicing age-inclusive language, consider reviewing resources from authoritative sources. A great example can be found in the guide from the National Institute on Aging on avoiding ageism in writing.
Conclusion
Choosing the right words to describe the older population is a powerful way to promote respect and inclusivity. While terms like 'senior citizen' and 'the elderly' were once commonplace, they are increasingly seen as outdated and potentially harmful. By using more accurate and dignified alternatives, such as 'older adults' or 'older people,' we contribute to a more positive and respectful view of aging. This simple change in language can have a significant impact on challenging ageist stereotypes and fostering a society that values individuals at every stage of life.
