The Different Types of Over 55 Housing
Over 55 housing is not a single entity but a broad category encompassing several distinct types of properties, each with different levels of support, facilities, and community living. Understanding these variations is the first step to finding the right fit for your needs.
Sheltered or Retirement Housing
This is often the most common type of over 55 housing. It typically consists of purpose-built flats or bungalows within a development, offering independent living with a layer of support. Key features usually include:
- A dedicated scheme manager or warden, who may be on-site or off-site, to provide support and management.
- A 24-hour emergency alarm system, usually a pull cord or pendant, providing access to help if needed.
- Communal facilities such as a lounge, laundry room, and garden for residents to socialise.
- Organised social activities to foster a community spirit.
Extra Care or Assisted Living
Also known as 'housing-with-care,' extra care provides a higher level of support than sheltered housing. It is designed for those who need regular personal or domestic care but still want to live independently in their own self-contained flat. Extra care communities often provide a variety of services, including:
- On-site staff available 24/7 to provide care and support.
- Optional care services, such as help with washing, dressing, and medication.
- A restaurant or dining area offering meals for residents.
- Larger communal facilities, which may include a well-being centre, hairdressers, and activity rooms.
Retirement Villages or Communities
These are typically large-scale developments resembling a village, with extensive facilities and a strong community feel. They offer a wide range of properties, from apartments to bungalows, and may include both independent and extra care options. The amenities often rival those of a small town, with features such as:
- Restaurants, cafés, and convenience stores.
- Gyms, swimming pools, and leisure facilities.
- Well-maintained gardens and green spaces.
- An extensive programme of social events and activities.
Age-Restricted General Market Housing
This is a simpler form of over 55 housing, consisting of properties with a restrictive covenant that requires at least one resident to be over a certain age (e.g., 55+). Unlike sheltered or extra care options, it provides no on-site support or care services, though it may include some shared facilities like communal gardens. This is ideal for active, independent seniors who simply want to live in a community of similar-aged neighbours.
Navigating Financial and Tenure Options
Funding over 55 housing can be achieved through different methods, including renting, buying outright, or using government schemes like shared ownership.
Buying vs. Renting
- Buying: Most retirement properties are sold on a leasehold basis, meaning you own the property for a long period but a management company owns the freehold. A smaller number of freehold properties are also available. Buying provides security and an asset, but costs include the purchase price, service charges, and potential ground rent.
- Renting: Sheltered housing from local councils or housing associations is often available to rent, typically with a waiting list based on need. Private rental options are also available, though they may be more expensive.
Shared Ownership Schemes
For those aged 55 and over who cannot afford the full cost of a home, the Older People's Shared Ownership (OPSO) scheme offers a part-buy, part-rent option. You can purchase a share of the property (between 25% and 75%) and pay a subsidised rent on the remainder. This scheme is available in England and has household income limits.
Understanding Service Charges and Other Fees
When buying or renting over 55 housing, particularly in managed developments, you will pay a service charge. This covers the cost of maintaining communal areas and services. It is essential to get a clear breakdown of all potential charges, including any 'transfer fees' or 'event fees' that may be payable when the property is resold.
Comparison of Over 55 Housing Options
| Feature | Sheltered Housing | Extra Care | Retirement Village |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accommodation Type | Self-contained flat/bungalow | Self-contained flat/apartment | Apartments, bungalows, or houses |
| Independence Level | High, with optional support | High, with 24/7 on-site support | High, with varying levels of care |
| On-Site Staff | Scheme manager/warden, not always 24/7 | 24-hour on-site care and support team | 24-hour on-site staff, often with manned reception |
| Care Services | Basic emergency assistance via alarm | Domiciliary care available on-site | Optional care packages, often flexible |
| Communal Facilities | Lounge, laundry, garden | Restaurant, library, gym, gardens | Extensive: restaurant, leisure, shops, gardens |
| Tenure Options | Renting (social or private), buying | Renting, buying (leasehold), shared ownership | Renting, buying (leasehold), shared ownership |
Choosing the Right Option for You
Selecting the right over 55 housing involves careful thought about your current needs and future plans. Consider the following key points:
- Assess Your Needs: Are you looking for a vibrant, social community or a quiet, low-maintenance home? Do you need immediate care or do you want to plan for future needs? Your answers will guide you towards the most suitable type of housing.
- Evaluate Costs: Look beyond the headline price or rent. A lower purchase price might come with higher service charges and potential exit fees. Get a full breakdown of all potential costs before committing.
- Visit Developments: There is no substitute for visiting a potential new home. Tour the properties, speak to residents, and experience the community atmosphere firsthand to ensure it feels right.
- Consider Location: Think about proximity to family, friends, amenities, and transport links. Access to services and social opportunities is a major benefit of over 55 living.
- Review the Lease: For buying, understanding the lease is critical. Get independent legal advice to understand all your rights and responsibilities, especially regarding service charges, ground rent, and any resale conditions.
Conclusion
Over 55 housing in the UK offers a multitude of options tailored to the diverse needs and lifestyles of older adults. From independent living in age-restricted flats to comprehensive support in extra care facilities, the key is to understand the differences between the types and to match the option to your individual circumstances. The decision is personal and should be based on a thorough assessment of your needs, financial situation, and lifestyle preferences. Choosing the right community can significantly enhance your quality of life, offering security, companionship, and support.
For more detailed, official guidance on housing options for older people, you can visit the GOV.UK website.
