Elopement, or wandering, is a serious safety concern for caregivers of individuals with cognitive impairments, developmental disabilities, or other conditions. It is an unplanned departure from a safe area that can result in an individual being exposed to various hazards. A proactive and supportive strategy is more effective than simply locking someone in, which can increase agitation and anxiety. By focusing on prevention, engagement, and preparedness, caregivers can significantly reduce risks and enhance the well-being of their loved ones.
Creating a Safe Environment Through Home Modifications
The physical environment plays a critical role in preventing elopement. Thoughtful modifications can create a secure space without feeling restrictive. These adjustments should be implemented strategically to minimize the individual's ability to leave unnoticed.
- Secure Doors and Windows: Install high-mounted or low-mounted keyed deadbolts that are out of the person's line of sight. Consider alarms that chime when a door or window is opened to alert caregivers immediately. Visual barriers can also be effective; covering doors with curtains or painting them the same color as the wall can make exits less obvious.
- Camouflage Exits: For individuals with dementia, camouflaging doors can be an effective deterrent. For example, a poster of a bookshelf or a large wall hanging can make an exit appear to be part of the wall.
- Remove Triggers: Items that signal departure, such as coats, keys, shoes, and handbags, should be stored out of sight. Keep purses and wallets put away to avoid triggering an attempt to leave.
- Create Safe Outdoor Space: If possible, create a secure, fenced-in yard or garden where the individual can enjoy supervised outdoor time. This allows for exploration and reduces the urge to seek freedom outside.
- Limit Access to Unsafe Areas: Use safety gates to block off stairways or potentially hazardous areas like the garage or workshop.
Establishing Predictable and Engaging Routines
Consistency and structure can greatly reduce restlessness and anxiety, which are common triggers for elopement. Engaging the individual in meaningful activities throughout the day can also provide distraction and purpose.
- Maintain a Daily Schedule: Create a consistent schedule for waking, meals, and bedtime. Predictable routines provide a sense of security and help orient the person throughout the day.
- Involve Them in Activities: Engage the individual in purposeful activities. This could be folding laundry, gardening, or simple craft projects. These tasks provide mental and physical stimulation and can help channel restless energy.
- Time Exercise: Incorporate regular physical activity, like a supervised walk, into the daily routine. Exercise can reduce agitation and provide a healthy outlet for energy.
- Identify Triggers: Keep a log of when elopement attempts occur. Look for patterns related to times of day (like late afternoon “sundowning”), specific emotions, or events. Addressing these triggers directly can prevent future incidents.
- Use Redirection and Validation: When an individual expresses a desire to leave, validate their feelings instead of contradicting them. For example, if they want to “go home,” say, “This is home, and you're safe with me. Let’s have a cup of tea,” to gently redirect their attention.
Using Technology for Enhanced Safety and Peace of Mind
Modern technology offers powerful tools to assist caregivers in managing elopement risk, providing an extra layer of security. The right device depends on the individual's specific needs and comfort level.
Comparison of GPS Tracking Devices
| Feature | AngelSense | Tranquil Watch | Jiobit | Family1st Senior GPS Tracker |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best For | Individuals who may remove devices; high-level care | Discreet wear and water resistance | Extremely small and discreet tracking | Affordability and ease of use |
| Wearability | Non-removable wristband or wearable pouch | Classic analog watch face | Attaches to clothing, pocket, or shoelaces | Lanyard or pouch |
| Two-Way Communication | Yes, with a speakerphone | No | No | Optional, not standard |
| Battery Life | Up to 30 hours | 7+ days | Up to 30 days | Up to 14 days |
| Waterproof? | Splash Resistant | Yes | Yes | Splash Resistant |
| Subscription | Yes, higher cost | Yes, higher cost | Yes | Yes, affordable |
| Standout Feature | Proactive safety with 2-way call and tamper-proof design | Stylish, waterproof, long battery | Tiny size for discreet tracking | Low cost, reliable tracking, lanyard included |
| Sources | , | , |
Handling an Elopement Emergency
Despite the best preventative measures, elopement can still occur. Having a clear emergency plan is crucial for a swift and effective response.
- Search Immediately: Do not hesitate. Search the house and immediate vicinity. Check familiar routes and hiding spots.
- Contact Police: Call 9-1-1 immediately. Inform them the individual has a cognitive impairment and a tendency to wander. Provide a recent photo and detailed physical description.
- Use the Care Plan: Have a prepared fact sheet ready to give to first responders. This should include emergency contacts, places the individual might go (e.g., former home, workplace), and strategies to calm them.
- Alert the Network: Use a pre-arranged alert system to notify neighbors and nearby businesses that the person is missing. Share the person's photo and description.
- Utilize Tracking Devices: If the individual wears a GPS device, use the app to track their location immediately.
- Stay Calm and Reassure: When the person is found, approach them calmly. Avoid scolding, which can increase confusion and agitation. Reassure them they are safe.
Conclusion
Caring for someone at risk of eloping requires a proactive, compassionate, and layered approach that prioritizes both safety and quality of life. By implementing environmental modifications, establishing predictable routines, and leveraging modern technology, caregivers can create a secure and stable environment. Understanding the individual's unique triggers and having a clear emergency plan are crucial components of this strategy. Ultimately, the goal is to empower the person to live with dignity and independence while minimizing the significant risks associated with wandering.
Optional Outbound Link: Alzheimer's Association Wandering and Getting Lost
