The Impact of Ageist Language
Ageism is discrimination based on a person's age. It manifests not only in actions but also in the language we use, often unintentionally. Research shows that ageism can lead to poorer physical and mental health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and social isolation among older individuals. Unthoughtful language perpetuates negative stereotypes, portraying older people as a monolithic group, frail, or dependent. Adopting respectful and precise terminology is a powerful way to counter these harmful biases and promote a more positive view of aging as a normal and valuable part of life.
The Best Practices: Preferred Terminology
When referring to the aging population, it is best to use neutral, person-first language. This approach prioritizes the individual and their humanity, rather than defining them solely by their age.
Use 'Older Adults' and 'Older People'
These are the most widely recommended terms by health organizations and style guides, including the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Associated Press. They are neutral, accurate, and do not carry the baggage of outdated labels. By saying 'older adults' or 'older people,' you are simply stating a fact without implying negative connotations.
Be Specific When Possible
For clarity and accuracy, providing a specific age range is often the best choice, especially in a clinical or research context. For example, instead of a broad term, you might say, 'study participants aged 75 to 84.' This level of detail respects the diversity within the older population and avoids generalizations.
Use 'Senior' with Caution and Context
While 'senior' can be acceptable when a person identifies with it (e.g., in the context of a senior center), it is best to avoid using it as a general label. Surveys indicate that a significant portion of the older population is uncomfortable with the term 'senior citizen,' which can conjure images of dependence and poverty from decades past. It’s crucial to understand your audience and context.
Language to Avoid: The Common Pitfalls
Certain terms are considered outdated, condescending, or inaccurate and should be avoided to promote a more respectful conversation about aging.
Avoid 'The Elderly' and 'The Aged'
These terms are criticized for being dehumanizing. By referring to a group as 'the elderly,' it creates an 'us versus them' dynamic, positioning older people as an anonymous, separate entity. It is always better to use person-first language like 'older people.'
Steer Clear of 'Senior Citizen'
The term 'senior citizen' was originally coined with good intentions but has become stigmatized. It often implies a uniform, passive group rather than a collection of diverse, active individuals. Its association with certain social programs or discounts can reduce an individual's identity to their eligibility status rather than their full, complex life.
The Problem with 'Geriatric'
While 'geriatric' is a legitimate medical term referring to the branch of medicine focused on older people, it is inappropriate to use it as a general descriptor for individuals or groups. It often carries a connotation of frailty or decline, which is not applicable to the vast majority of older adults.
A Quick-Reference Guide: Choosing Your Words
To help navigate the complexities of age-inclusive language, consider the following comparisons:
| Preferred Terms | Outdated or Problematic Terms |
|---|---|
| Older adults, older people | The elderly, the aged |
| Persons over the age of 65 | Senior citizens |
| Individuals with dementia | The demented |
| Person diagnosed with arthritis | Suffering from arthritis |
| Long-term care residents | Patients, inmates |
Practical Tips for Respectful Communication
Thoughtful communication goes beyond just the words chosen; it also involves perspective and delivery.
- Emphasize the Individual, not the Age: Always lead with the person, not their age. Speak about their accomplishments, interests, and contributions, rather than focusing on a number.
- Challenge Stereotypes: When writing or speaking, actively work against common stereotypes. Show the diversity, vitality, and continued growth of older adults.
- Use "We" and "Us": Remember that aging is a universal experience. By using inclusive language like "we" and "us" when talking about aging, you avoid creating an artificial separation between generations.
- Stay Up-to-Date: Preferred terminology evolves. Refer to reputable sources like the National Institute on Aging for the latest guidance. National Institute on Aging (NIA) Blog
- Focus on Strengths: Frame the conversation around the strengths and resilience that come with experience, rather than focusing solely on health challenges. Highlight ongoing learning, community involvement, and contributions.
Promoting Positive Perceptions of Aging
Combating ageism is a collective effort. It involves changing not just our vocabulary but our entire perspective on the aging process. Instead of viewing aging as a decline to be avoided, we can celebrate it as a journey of wisdom, experience, and continued potential. Content creators can help by portraying older adults in dynamic and authentic ways, covering a wide range of topics like new hobbies, travel, and technology adoption. By highlighting positive role models and diverse stories, we can help redefine what it means to be an older adult in modern society.
Conclusion: The Power of Thoughtful Language
Choosing the right language is more than just political correctness; it's about human dignity and respect. By consciously selecting inclusive terms like 'older adults' and avoiding outdated, stigmatizing labels, we contribute to a more age-friendly society. This small but significant shift in communication helps challenge ageist assumptions and promotes a more accurate and positive narrative about aging for everyone, regardless of their stage in life.
