What is the correct term for older adults? A guide to respectful language

Oct 24, 2025 4 min read •

Healthy Aging Social Issues Communication

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of older Americans (65 and older) numbered 57.8 million in 2022, a figure that highlights the importance of using appropriate and respectful language. So, what is the correct term for older adults? The answer is more nuanced than it seems, focusing on person-first, age-inclusive terminology.

Quick Summary

Using respectful, person-first language like “older adults” is crucial in describing people in their later years, as it avoids the negative stereotypes associated with older terms. Esteemed organizations in gerontology, medicine, and journalism favor this terminology to promote inclusivity and combat ageism, an increasingly recognized form of discrimination. The most respectful approach is to use specific age ranges or simply a person's name, but when a general term is necessary, "older adults" is the accepted standard.

Key Points

Older Adult is the Preferred Term: Most major organizations, including the American Medical Association and Associated Press, recommend using "older adult" or "older person" to promote respect and avoid negative stereotypes.
Person-First Language: Using phrases that emphasize the individual, rather than their age (e.g., "older adults" instead of "the aged"), is a key part of age-inclusive communication.
Avoid Outdated Terms: Terms like "elderly," "senior citizen," and "geriatric" are generally discouraged as they can carry negative connotations or be seen as patronizing.
Use Specificity When Possible: The most precise and respectful language involves specifying age ranges (e.g., "people aged 75 to 84") or using a person's name.
Combat Ageism: Choosing respectful language is a powerful tool for fighting ageism, the discrimination based on age that can have serious implications for health and well-being.
Stay Informed: Terminology related to aging is continuously evolving. Staying updated with best practices from authoritative sources like the National Institute on Aging is crucial.

Navigating the Terminology of Aging

The way we talk about aging and older people has a profound effect on perceptions, attitudes, and the prevalence of ageism. Historically, terms like "elderly" and "senior citizen" were common, but modern understanding has shown these labels can carry negative, stereotypical baggage. The move toward more thoughtful, age-inclusive language is an important step in promoting respect and dignity for a growing demographic that is more diverse and vibrant than ever before.

Why Terminology Matters

Language shapes our reality. The words we choose can either perpetuate harmful stereotypes or foster an environment of respect. Studies have shown that ageism—prejudice or discrimination against individuals or groups based on their age—is linked to poorer health outcomes for older people. Using respectful, person-first terminology is a crucial part of combating this bias. For example, contrasting "an elderly person" with "an older adult" changes the focus from a state of being old and potentially frail, to a description of an individual who happens to be in a later stage of life.

The Shift to "Older Adults"

Professional guidelines from major organizations have been instrumental in popularizing the term "older adults." In February 2022, the American Medical Association (AMA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Associated Press (AP) collectively updated their style guides to recommend this terminology. The Gerontological Society of America and the National Institute on Aging have also adopted this standard, citing that terms like "older adult" are less likely to connote discrimination and negative stereotypes. This shift reflects a broader societal recognition that a person's identity is not defined solely by their age.

The Power of Specificity

While "older adults" is the generally accepted term, the most respectful approach is often to be more specific whenever possible. When writing about research or health, providing a specific age range (e.g., "people aged 75 to 84 years") offers clarity and avoids broad generalizations. When referring to an individual, using their name is always the most personal and dignified option. Overgeneralization can lead to assuming shared experiences, health statuses, or abilities, when in fact the population of older adults is incredibly heterogeneous. It is critical to recognize the diverse experiences and capabilities that exist within this demographic.

Terms to Avoid and Why

Many terms that have been used for decades are now considered outdated or potentially offensive. Being mindful of these terms is essential for creating an inclusive and respectful communication style. The following is a list of terms that are no longer recommended by major style guides and gerontology experts, along with the reasons why they should be avoided:

Elderly: Often implies frailty, weakness, or a diminished state, perpetuating negative stereotypes.
Senior Citizen: Can be seen as patronizing or othering, separating a group of people from the rest of society.
The Aged: Reductive and impersonal, defining individuals entirely by their age.
Geriatrics (as an adjective): This term refers to the medical specialty, not individuals. Using it to describe people is dehumanizing and inaccurate.
Golden Years: A euphemism that glosses over the realities of aging and can be seen as overly simplistic.
Elders: While this term can be respectful in specific contexts, such as referring to Native American community leaders, its generalized use can feel anachronistic or patronizing.

A Comparison of Common Terminology


Term	Connotation	Professional Usage	Best Practice
Older Adult	Neutral, respectful, person-first	Recommended by AMA, APA, AP, and gerontology societies	Use as the standard general term.
Older Person/People	Similar to Older Adult, also neutral	Recommended by major style guides	Interchangeable with "older adult" for variety.
Elderly	Often implies frailty or poor health	Discouraged by most style guides	Avoid; can be seen as ageist and stereotypical.
Senior/Senior Citizen	Can be patronizing or carry outdated baggage	Discouraged in most formal contexts	Use sparingly, or only if a specific individual prefers it.
Geriatrics	Medical term, not a descriptor for people	Avoid using to describe individuals	Use only in a medical context (e.g., "geriatric care").
Age-Inclusive Phrases	Emphasizes universal aging and respect	Highly recommended	Incorporate into writing (e.g., "we are all aging").

Adopting Age-Inclusive Communication

Beyond simply choosing the right words, age-inclusive communication involves a broader mindset. It means focusing on a person's abilities, experiences, and individuality rather than defining them by a number. This shift not only benefits older adults but also enriches our language by making it more precise and respectful. It is about moving away from viewing aging as a negative outcome and instead seeing it as a natural, lifelong process.

The Future of Aging Language

As the world's population continues to age, the dialogue around older adults will also continue to evolve. Advocacy groups and researchers are constantly working to reframe aging in a more positive and realistic light, moving away from fatalistic terms like "silver tsunami" and toward more positive metaphors like "building momentum". By staying informed and adopting these evolving standards, we can all contribute to a more age-friendly society.

For more information and resources on adopting age-inclusive communication, consider visiting the National Institute on Aging (NIA), which offers research and best practices: NIA Age-Inclusive Language.

Conclusion: Choosing Words with Intention

Using the correct term for older adults is an act of respect and a conscious effort to combat ageism. While older terms like "senior citizen" might seem harmless, a deeper look reveals their potential to perpetuate negative stereotypes. The standard is now shifting toward neutral, person-first language like "older adult" and "older person," which acknowledges a person's life stage without defining their identity or capabilities. By choosing our words with intention, we can help create a more inclusive, dignified, and accurate narrative for everyone as they age. For journalists, healthcare providers, or anyone discussing older populations, this shift is not just a matter of political correctness, but of ethical communication.

Frequently Asked Questions

The term "elderly" is often avoided because it can imply frailty, dependence, or poor health, which are negative stereotypes that don't apply to the diverse population of older people. Using "older adult" is a more neutral and respectful alternative.

The term "senior citizen" can be viewed as outdated and patronizing. It originated in the mid-20th century and can feel like it's 'othering' or separating older people from the rest of society.

While sometimes used, especially in commercial contexts (e.g., 'senior discounts'), many older adults find it less preferable than 'older adults.' It's often best to stick with the more universally accepted 'older adult' for general use, and to use 'seniors' only if you are certain it is preferred in a specific context.

Ageism is prejudice or discrimination against a person based on their age. By using respectful, person-first language like "older adult," we challenge negative stereotypes and promote a more positive, inclusive view of aging, thereby helping to combat ageism.

Whenever possible, using a specific age range (e.g., "people aged 65 to 75") is the most precise and informative way to describe a group. This is especially important in research and clinical settings where exact data is necessary.

Person-first language emphasizes the individual's humanity over their age. This approach prevents people from being defined by a single characteristic and helps ensure that their abilities, experiences, and personalities are recognized first and foremost.

Yes, context is key. For example, the term "elders" may be appropriate and respectful within certain Indigenous communities but is not recommended for general use. It is always best to be aware of and sensitive to cultural nuances.

References

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding personal health decisions.