What level of safeguarding adults are there? A guide to the tiered approach

According to the Care Act 2014, protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect, is a primary goal. Knowing what level of safeguarding adults are there is crucial for professionals and families alike, outlining a multi-tiered system of responsibility and training.

Quick Summary

Safeguarding for adults operates on a tiered training system, typically from basic awareness (Level 1) for all staff to advanced specialist knowledge (Level 3 or higher) for designated leads, with requirements based on the individual's level of contact and responsibility.

Key Points

• Tiered Training System: Most adult safeguarding is structured into progressive training levels, typically from basic awareness (Level 1) for all staff to designated leadership roles (Level 3+).

• Level 1 for All Staff: Basic awareness training is mandatory for anyone working in a health or care setting, focusing on recognizing and reporting abuse.

• Level 2 for Frontline Workers: Advanced training is for practitioners with regular contact with vulnerable adults, enabling them to participate directly in safeguarding enquiries.

• Designated Leads (Level 3): Managers and senior staff receive specialist training to coordinate complex cases and liaise with external agencies.

• Six Key Principles: All safeguarding work is guided by core principles: Empowerment, Prevention, Proportionality, Protection, Partnership, and Accountability.

• Mental Capacity is Crucial: Assessments of mental capacity are a fundamental part of safeguarding to ensure individuals can make informed decisions about their safety and care.

Understanding the Tiered Approach to Adult Safeguarding

Safeguarding for adults typically follows a tiered system of training and responsibility to ensure appropriate knowledge and action for individuals in various roles within health and care settings.

The Safeguarding Training Tiers

Training models are commonly structured in progressive levels, such as 1, 2, and 3, with some frameworks including higher levels for specific expert roles.

Level 1: Basic Awareness

This is for all staff and volunteers, covering fundamental safeguarding principles, types of abuse, and reporting procedures.

• Key learning outcomes:
  • Recognizing signs of abuse and neglect.
  • Knowing how to report concerns.

Level 2: Advanced Safeguarding

For frontline practitioners with direct contact with adults at risk, this level covers legislation and procedures for participating in enquiries.

• Key learning outcomes:
  • Knowledge of key safeguarding legislation.
  • Participation in investigations.

Level 3: Designated Safeguarding Lead

This level is for managers and leads who oversee policies and act as the main contact for concerns.

• Key learning outcomes:
  • Managing complex safeguarding cases.
  • Developing and implementing policies.

Levels 4 and 5: Specialist Roles

Higher levels may exist for expert roles focusing on consultation and strategic leadership.

The Six Key Principles of Adult Safeguarding

Six principles guide safeguarding work, focusing on the individual's rights and well-being.

1. Empowerment: Supporting adults' decision-making.
2. Prevention: Acting to prevent harm.
3. Proportionality: Using the least intrusive response.
4. Protection: Supporting those in need.
5. Partnership: Collaborating among agencies.
6. Accountability: Ensuring transparency.

Comparison of Safeguarding Adult Training Levels

Feature	Level 1: Basic Awareness	Level 2: Advanced Safeguarding	Level 3: Designated Lead
Target Audience	All staff	Frontline practitioners	Managers, safeguarding leads
Depth of Knowledge	Foundational	In-depth	Expert, strategic
Responsibility	Recognize and report	Participate in enquiries	Manage policies, lead responses
Focus	Identification and reporting	Application of framework and response	Strategic oversight and implementation

The Importance of the Mental Capacity Act

The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 is crucial, providing a framework for decisions for those who lack capacity. Understanding the MCA is vital, especially concerning self-neglect or financial abuse. Further resources are available from organizations like the {Link: Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) https://www.scie.org.uk/}.

Types of Abuse and Neglect in an Adult Context

Adult safeguarding addresses various types of abuse and neglect, including:

• Physical abuse
• Domestic abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Psychological abuse
• Financial or material abuse
• Modern slavery
• Discriminatory abuse
• Organizational abuse
• Neglect or acts of omission
• Self-neglect

Conclusion

Understanding adult safeguarding levels and principles is vital. Tiered training ensures appropriate knowledge for various roles, contributing to a robust protection system that helps empower and protect adults at risk.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who needs to know what level of safeguarding adults are there?

Anyone working in a health or social care setting needs to be aware of safeguarding levels. This includes healthcare staff, care home employees, volunteers, administrative staff, and managers, with the required training level depending on their role and level of contact with vulnerable adults.

What is the primary difference between Level 1 and Level 2 safeguarding training?

Level 1 is for basic awareness, teaching staff how to recognize and report concerns. Level 2 is for frontline staff with regular contact, providing more in-depth knowledge of procedures and legislation to actively participate in safeguarding processes.

Do family members need safeguarding training?

While not legally required, understanding safeguarding principles can be beneficial for family members or informal carers. Knowing the signs of abuse and how to report concerns can help protect their loved ones. Local authorities often provide resources for the public.

What happens after a safeguarding concern is reported?

Once a concern is reported, the local authority's safeguarding team assesses the situation to determine if an enquiry is needed. The process follows the six key principles, focusing on the adult's well-being and desired outcomes.

Can an adult with capacity refuse safeguarding intervention?

Yes, under the principle of empowerment, an adult with mental capacity can make their own decisions, even if they are considered unwise. However, if they are under coercion or undue influence, or if others are at risk, intervention may be necessary.

What does 'Making Safeguarding Personal' mean?

Making Safeguarding Personal (MSP) is an initiative that focuses on empowering individuals to lead the safeguarding process. It prioritizes their wishes, feelings, and desired outcomes, making the process person-led and outcome-focused.

What is the role of the Mental Capacity Act in adult safeguarding?

The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) provides a legal framework for protecting and empowering people who lack capacity to make decisions. It ensures that when decisions are made on their behalf during a safeguarding process, they are in the person’s 'best interests' and are the least restrictive option.