Why Vaccinations Are More Critical with Age
As the immune system ages, it becomes less effective at fighting off infections, a process known as immunosenescence. This means that common illnesses, which might be mild in younger adults, can lead to severe health complications, prolonged hospital stays, or even death in older adults. Staying up-to-date with immunizations is one of the most effective preventative health measures available, helping to bolster the body's defenses against a range of viruses and bacteria. The protection from childhood vaccines can also fade over time, making booster shots necessary for continued safety.
Influenza (Flu) Vaccine
For those over 70, the annual flu vaccine is not just a recommendation—it's a high priority. Influenza can trigger serious complications like pneumonia, bronchitis, and even heart attacks in older adults. To combat the decreased immune response in this age group, two types of enhanced flu shots are available:
- High-Dose Flu Vaccine: Contains four times the amount of antigen as a standard flu shot, creating a stronger immune response.
- Adjuvanted Flu Vaccine: Includes an adjuvant, an ingredient that helps create a stronger immune response to the vaccine.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about which enhanced flu vaccine is right for you. Getting vaccinated each fall provides protection during the peak flu season.
Pneumococcal (Pneumonia) Vaccines
Pneumococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. The CDC recommends pneumococcal vaccination for all adults 65 years and older. There are two primary types of pneumococcal vaccines recommended in a specific sequence for older adults:
- PCV20 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine): Often given first.
- PPSV23 (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine): Administered at least one year after the PCV20 dose.
This two-part series offers the most comprehensive protection. If you received an older regimen, your doctor can advise on the best way to update your immunizations.
Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine
Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles, and the risk significantly increases with age. The Shingrix vaccine is highly effective at preventing shingles and its most common complication, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a long-lasting nerve pain. Shingrix is a two-dose series recommended for healthy adults 50 and older, with the second dose given 2 to 6 months after the first. Even if you've had shingles in the past, or were vaccinated with the older Zostavax, you should still get Shingrix.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine
RSV is a common respiratory virus that can cause mild, cold-like symptoms. However, for older adults, it can lead to severe illness, hospitalization, and death. New RSV vaccines are now available and recommended for adults aged 60 and older. The CDC advises talking to a healthcare provider about whether to receive this vaccine. The best time to get it is typically in late summer or early fall, before the start of the RSV season.
Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap/Td)
Most people receive these vaccines as children, but protection fades over time. A Tdap vaccine protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough), while the Td vaccine protects against tetanus and diphtheria. The CDC recommends a Tdap booster once as an adult, followed by a Td booster every 10 years. Keeping up with these boosters is particularly important if you are in regular contact with infants.
Comparison of Key Vaccinations for Adults Over 70
| Vaccine | Target Disease | Frequency | Key Detail for Seniors | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Flu | Annually | High-dose or adjuvanted versions recommended | Fall |
| Pneumococcal | Pneumonia, meningitis | Multi-dose series, lifetime protection | Two-part series (PCV20, then PPSV23) | Year-round |
| Shingles (Shingrix) | Herpes Zoster, PHN | Two-dose series | Highly effective, even if you've had shingles | Year-round |
| RSV | Respiratory Syncytial Virus | One dose, per recommendation | Recommended for adults 60+ | Late summer/early fall |
| Tdap/Td | Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis | Tdap once, Td every 10 years | Important booster for continued protection | Year-round |
Benefits of a Proactive Immunization Strategy
Taking a proactive approach to your vaccinations offers significant benefits beyond just disease prevention:
- Reduced Severity of Illness: Even if you contract a disease you've been vaccinated against, the illness is likely to be much milder and less severe.
- Protection Against Complications: Vaccines help prevent serious complications like pneumonia from the flu or postherpetic neuralgia from shingles.
- Community Immunity: By staying vaccinated, you help protect those around you who may be unable to receive vaccines due to health conditions.
- Cost Savings: Avoiding hospitalization and long-term illness can save you significant medical costs.
- Peace of Mind: Knowing you are protected against common threats allows you to live a more confident and active life.
How to Manage Your Vaccination Schedule
- Consult Your Healthcare Provider: Your doctor can assess your specific health status, medical history, and risk factors to create a personalized immunization plan.
- Maintain Records: Keep a record of all your vaccinations, including dates and types. This helps you and your doctor track what's needed and when.
- Involve Your Pharmacist: Many pharmacies offer vaccination services and can help you track your schedule. They are an accessible resource for many routine shots.
- Be Aware of Timelines: Some vaccines require multiple doses over a set period. Stay organized to ensure you complete the full series for maximum protection.
Conclusion
As you age, the immune system becomes less robust, making it even more important to be proactive about your health. Knowing what vaccinations should over 70s have—including enhanced flu shots, pneumococcal vaccines, the two-dose shingles series, and the new RSV vaccine—is a cornerstone of preventative medicine. These immunizations, along with regular Td boosters, provide a vital line of defense against serious and potentially life-threatening diseases. By consulting with your healthcare provider and staying informed, you can take control of your health and ensure a healthier, more vibrant life for years to come.
For a comprehensive overview of recommended immunizations for adults, refer to the CDC's Adult Immunization Schedule.
