What vaccines are recommended for over 70? A complete guide to senior immunizations

As the immune system naturally weakens with age, adults over 70 face a higher risk of developing serious complications from infectious diseases. That's why understanding what vaccines are recommended for over 70 is a crucial step for maintaining health and longevity. These immunizations provide a powerful defense against preventable illnesses like the flu, pneumonia, and shingles.

Quick Summary

For adults over 70, recommended vaccines include an annual flu shot (often a high-dose formula), pneumococcal vaccines for pneumonia, the shingles vaccine (Shingrix), and a Tdap booster. Staying up-to-date with a COVID-19 vaccine is also advised, with recommendations changing to adapt to new variants.

Key Points

• Annual Flu Shot: Adults over 65 should get a flu vaccine every year, often a high-dose or adjuvanted type, for increased protection against severe illness and hospitalization.

• Pneumonia Prevention: Pneumococcal vaccines are essential for older adults; consult your doctor to determine the correct schedule involving PCV and PPSV vaccines based on your vaccination history.

• Shingles Protection: The two-dose Shingrix vaccine is highly recommended for all healthy adults over 50, providing over 90% efficacy against painful shingles and its complications.

• RSV Vaccine: Adults 75 and older should get a single dose of the RSV vaccine, with options also available for those aged 50-74 who have certain health risk factors.

• Tdap Booster: A Tdap vaccine provides defense against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough, with a Td or Tdap booster recommended every 10 years after the initial dose.

Your Vital Guide to Immunizations After 70

Staying up-to-date with your vaccinations is one of the most proactive steps you can take for your health in your senior years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides specific recommendations for adults over 70, targeting diseases where the risk of severe illness is highest. Here is a comprehensive breakdown of the key vaccines and what you need to know.

Annual Influenza (Flu) Vaccine

Influenza, or the flu, can be particularly dangerous for older adults, leading to severe complications like pneumonia, hospitalization, and even death. An annual flu shot is a non-negotiable part of senior preventative care. For adults aged 65 and older, the CDC preferentially recommends specific formulations designed to elicit a stronger immune response, such as high-dose or adjuvanted options. Getting the vaccine in early fall is best.

Pneumococcal Vaccines for Pneumonia

Pneumococcal disease can cause severe infections, and adults over 65 are at a heightened risk. Current guidelines involve a series of pneumococcal vaccines. PCV15 and PCV20 are standard for adults 50 and older without prior conjugate vaccine history. PCV20 offers broader coverage. If PCV15 is used, a PPSV23 dose is recommended a year later. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

The Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine

Shingles is a painful viral infection with a risk of long-lasting nerve pain. The CDC recommends two doses of the Shingrix vaccine for healthy adults 50 and older, 2 to 6 months apart. Shingrix provides over 90% effectiveness, and is recommended even if you've had shingles or the older Zostavax vaccine.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine

RSV can cause severe illness in older adults. A single dose of the newer RSV vaccine is recommended for all adults aged 75 and older. It's also recommended for adults 50-74 with risk factors like chronic heart or lung disease, after consulting with a healthcare provider. Protection from the RSV vaccine lasts longer than a single season.

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap or Td) Vaccine

Adults should receive a Tdap or Td booster every 10 years to protect against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). A single dose of Tdap is recommended if you haven't received one, followed by Td boosters every decade.

Comparing Recommended Vaccines for Over 70

Vaccine	Who Should Get It?	Dosage	Side Effects	Additional Information
Influenza (Flu)	All adults annually, preferably high-dose or adjuvanted for those 65+	1 dose per year	Pain/redness at site, mild fever, aches	Best to get in fall. Can be co-administered with other vaccines.
Pneumococcal (PCV/PPSV)	All adults 50+	Varies based on prior history. Often a series involving PCV20 or PCV15 + PPSV23.	Pain at site, fatigue, fever, headache	Consult your doctor for the correct schedule.
Shingles (Shingrix)	All healthy adults 50+	2 doses, 2-6 months apart	Pain/redness/swelling, muscle aches, fatigue, fever	Highly effective, recommended even if you've had shingles.
RSV	All adults 75+ and those 50-74 with risk factors	1 dose	Pain at site, fatigue, headache	Not currently an annual vaccine. Recommended in late summer/early fall.
Tdap/Td	All adults; Tdap once, then Td booster every 10 years	1 dose	Pain at site, redness, headache	Tdap protects against whooping cough. Td protects against tetanus/diphtheria.

Conclusion: A Proactive Step for Health

Understanding what vaccines are recommended for over 70 is the first step toward building a robust defense against preventable diseases. Your immune system requires a little extra support as you age, and these immunizations are a simple, effective way to provide it. Always discuss your vaccination schedule with a healthcare provider who can tailor recommendations to your specific health profile and vaccination history. By staying current with your shots, you are not only protecting yourself but also contributing to the health of your community by reducing the spread of infectious diseases. For more information, refer to the CDC Adult Immunization Schedule.

This information is for general educational purposes and does not replace medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

What vaccines are recommended for over 70, beyond the basics?

Beyond the standard flu, shingles, pneumococcal, and Tdap vaccines, some adults over 70 with specific risk factors or conditions may need additional immunizations. These could include vaccines for Hepatitis B, Meningococcal disease, or others, depending on underlying health issues or travel plans. Always consult a healthcare provider for a personalized assessment.

Are there different flu shots for those over 70?

Yes. Adults aged 65 and older are preferentially recommended to receive a higher-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine, such as Fluzone High-Dose or Fluad. These are designed to create a stronger immune response, offering better protection. If these specific vaccines are not available, a standard flu shot is still recommended.

Does Medicare cover the vaccines recommended for over 70?

Medicare coverage varies by vaccine. Generally, Part B covers the flu shot and pneumococcal vaccines with no out-of-pocket costs. The shingles vaccine is covered under Part D, and as of 2023, there are no out-of-pocket costs for the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended Part D vaccines. It's best to check with your specific Medicare plan for details.

What is the RSV vaccine for older adults?

The RSV vaccine protects against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, which can cause severe respiratory illness. A single dose is recommended for all adults aged 75 and older, and also for adults aged 50-74 who have certain risk factors, after discussing it with a healthcare provider. It is not currently an annual vaccine.

Can I get multiple vaccines at the same time if I'm over 70?

Yes, many vaccines can be co-administered during the same visit. For example, the flu and pneumococcal vaccines can often be given together. However, some combinations, like certain RSV and flu shots, may result in more side effects. Your healthcare provider can advise you on the best approach for you, considering your health and risk factors.

What are the common side effects of vaccines for seniors?

Common side effects for most vaccines are typically mild and localized, such as soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site. Systemic side effects like fever, muscle aches, or fatigue can also occur but are usually temporary. Side effects may be slightly more common with certain vaccines, such as the high-dose flu or Shingrix, but are a normal sign that your immune system is responding.

Do I need the shingles vaccine if I've already had shingles?

Yes, the CDC recommends that you still get the Shingrix vaccine even if you have had shingles in the past. Getting vaccinated helps prevent a recurrence, and Shingrix offers over 90% protection, which is more effective than the older Zostavax vaccine.