The importance of age-inclusive language
Language is a powerful tool that shapes perceptions and attitudes. In the context of aging, the words we choose can either perpetuate harmful, ageist stereotypes or promote respect and dignity. By consciously choosing age-inclusive language, we can help dismantle societal biases and foster a culture that values the experience and wisdom that comes with age.
Negative and outdated terms can contribute to a sense of 'othering,' making older adults feel marginalized or invisible. This can impact their mental and physical health, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. Conversely, using respectful and person-first language helps to see individuals for who they are, rather than defining them solely by their age.
Ageism is a widespread form of discrimination, often so subtle that people don't even realize they're doing it. By understanding the nuances of language and making intentional word choices, we contribute to a more compassionate and equitable society for everyone, regardless of age.
Preferred terminology: What to say
When searching for what words describe elderly respectfully, focusing on neutral, person-first language is the most reliable approach. This moves the focus from a person's age to their individuality. Preferred terms and their proper usage include:
- Older Adults, Older People, Older Individuals: These are the most widely recommended terms by organizations such as the National Institute on Aging and the American Psychological Association. They are neutral and avoid the potentially negative connotations associated with some other words.
- Person-First Language: Always prioritize the person over their age. For example, instead of 'the 80-year-olds,' say 'people in their 80s.' When discussing health conditions, use 'person with dementia' rather than 'dementia patient' to emphasize the person's identity beyond their diagnosis.
- Specific Age Ranges: When possible, be specific with age ranges, especially in professional or clinical contexts. For example, 'individuals aged 75 to 85' is more precise and informative than a broad, generic term.
- Elder: This term has specific cultural significance in certain contexts, particularly within Indigenous and some community-based settings, where it signifies wisdom and respect. It is best used when you are certain it is culturally appropriate and preferred by the individual or community.
- Seniors / Senior Citizens: While these terms are common, many older adults find them condescending or stereotypical. The associated negative stereotypes, such as frailty or dependence, are a primary reason to use person-first alternatives whenever possible. If an individual specifically refers to themselves as a 'senior,' it is acceptable to use their preferred language in that specific context.
Terminology to avoid: What not to say
Just as important as knowing what words to use is understanding which ones to avoid. Certain words, even if commonly used, can be offensive or perpetuate ageist stereotypes.
Negative and outdated terms
- The Elderly, The Aged: These terms generalize and 'other' a diverse group of people, reducing their identity to a single characteristic.
- Old-Timer: This casual term can be seen as patronizing and disrespectful.
- Geezer / Crone: These are overtly offensive and derogatory.
- Over the Hill: This phrase implies that life loses value after a certain age, reinforcing a fatalistic view of aging.
- Euphemisms: Phrases like 'of a certain age' or 'seasoned' can be perceived as belittling or suggest that aging is something to be ashamed of.
Medical jargon
It is also important to be mindful of how we discuss health. Avoid medical jargon like 'geriatric' when referring to individuals, as it should be reserved for the medical field (e.g., 'geriatric care'). Additionally, avoid describing older adults as 'suffering from' conditions like arthritis. Instead, use person-first language, such as 'person with arthritis,' to put the emphasis on the individual rather than the disease.
Age-inclusive writing and communication
Beyond specific word choices, broader communication practices can reinforce respect. Here are some tips for age-inclusive writing:
- Use Active Language: Describe older adults engaging in a wide range of activities, both active and passive. Avoid framing them as helpless or defined by their limitations. For example, 'The 78-year-old marathon runner completed the race' focuses on achievement, while 'The frail, elderly person sat on a bench' reinforces negative stereotypes.
- Focus on Diversity: Remember that older adults are not a monolith. They come from all walks of life, with diverse experiences, abilities, and backgrounds. Avoid creating content that paints them all with the same brush.
- Include Intergenerational Perspectives: When writing about issues that affect older adults, include the perspectives of people from other generations. This can highlight shared experiences and build empathy across age groups.
Example list of words to prefer
When writing or speaking, you can use a variety of words to add nuance and respect to your language. Here are some examples:
- For referring to groups: 'older adults,' 'older persons,' 'the older population.'
- For referring to individuals: 'an 80-year-old,' 'a woman in her 70s,' 'the gentleman,' 'the respected elder.'
- For describing positive attributes: 'experienced,' 'wise,' 'seasoned,' 'distinguished.'
- For discussing health: 'living with a condition,' 'diagnosed with a health issue,' 'receiving care for a condition.'
Comparison of language choices
| Term to Avoid | Reason to Avoid | Respectful Alternative | Why It's Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| "The elderly" | "Othering" a diverse group. | "Older adults" | Neutral, person-first language. |
| "Senior citizen" | Can sound patronizing or outdated. | "People over 65" (or specific age) | More precise and respectful. |
| "Suffering from arthritis" | Focuses on suffering, not the person. | "Living with arthritis" | Person-first, acknowledges resilience. |
| "Over the hill" | Fatalistic, reinforces negative stereotypes. | "Long-time community member" | Focuses on experience and contribution. |
| "Just like a child" | Infantilizing language, highly offensive. | "Individual with specific care needs" | Respectful and focuses on needs, not age. |
The long-term impact of positive language
Making a conscious effort to use respectful and inclusive language goes beyond politeness; it's a key component of combating ageism and its detrimental effects. When we change our words, we challenge our assumptions about aging and promote a more positive outlook on life's later years.
This shift in perspective can lead to more meaningful and supportive relationships between generations, better public policy, and a more robust and compassionate healthcare system. It's an investment in a future where everyone is valued for their contributions, wisdom, and humanity, regardless of their age.
Learn more about avoiding ageism in communication from the National Institute on Aging at https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2023/12/dont-call-me-old-avoiding-ageism-when-writing-about-aging.
