What words should ageist avoid? A guide to inclusive language

According to a University of Michigan poll, 82% of adults between ages 50 and 80 reported experiencing everyday ageism. To foster a more respectful and inclusive environment, understanding what words should ageist avoid is essential for anyone communicating about or with older adults.

Quick Summary

Ageist language includes patronizing terms like 'senior citizen' or 'elderly,' infantilizing phrases like '80 years young,' and negative stereotypes such as 'frail' or 'senile.' Adopting specific, neutral, and person-first language is the key to respectful communication.

Key Points

• Avoid Outdated Labels: Eliminate terms like "senior citizen," "the elderly," and "the aged," which are often seen as patronizing or dehumanizing.

• Use Neutral, Person-First Language: Prefer "older adults," "older people," or specific age ranges (e.g., "people over 65") to describe individuals.

• Skip Condescending Compliments: Phrases like "you look great for your age" imply that aging is a negative state and should be avoided.

• Eliminate Negative Metaphors: Phrases such as "silver tsunami" frame aging as a disaster and are discouraged by experts.

• Be Aware of Workplace Bias: Recognize and avoid language related to hiring and retirement that reveals ageist assumptions.

• Promote a Collective Perspective: Use "we" and "us" to frame aging as a shared human experience, rather than an issue affecting only "them".

The Harmful Impact of Ageist Language

Language plays a significant role in how we perceive and treat older individuals. Using ageist language perpetuates negative stereotypes about aging and contributes to a societal bias that can negatively impact the health and well-being of older adults, potentially reducing their quality of life and longevity. Such language can also lead to older adults internalizing these negative views, affecting their confidence and participation in society.

Outdated and Inaccurate Terminology

Avoiding outdated and negative terms when discussing aging is crucial for respectful communication. Terms like "senior" or "senior citizen" can be seen as grouping diverse individuals under a potentially stigmatizing label. Phrases like "the elderly" or "the aged" can imply a homogeneous group and be impersonal. The term "geriatric" is best reserved for medical contexts, and "boomer" can be used dismissively.

Subtly Condescending or Patronizing Phrases

Some seemingly complimentary phrases can be subtly ageist, suggesting that being older is undesirable. Phrases like “You look great for your age” imply that looking good at an older age is unexpected. "80 years young" devalues the experience of age, and terms like “spry” or “feisty” can suggest surprise that an older person is active. Condescending terms like “Bless your heart” or “sweetie” can be disrespectful and infantilizing.

Avoiding Negative Stereotypes and Metaphors

Avoid language reinforcing stereotypes of older people as helpless or a burden. It is important to portray aging as a normal and diverse part of life. Describing older adults generally as “frail,” “feeble,” or “vulnerable” ignores their range of abilities. Metaphors like “silver tsunami” frame the increase in older people as a crisis. Referring to an older employee as “still working” can imply their employment is unusual.

The Power of Inclusive Alternatives

Choosing inclusive language creates a more positive representation of aging. Neutral terms like "older adults" or "older people" are recommended. Using specific age ranges provides context. In care facilities, "residents" is more respectful than "patients". Using "we" and "us" emphasizes aging as a shared experience.

Comparison of Ageist vs. Inclusive Language

Ageist Language	Inclusive Alternative	Why the Alternative Works
Senior citizen	Older adult	Person-first, avoids stigmatizing labels.
The elderly	Older people	Treats individuals as part of a group, not a monolith.
Frail, feeble	People with functional limitations	Specific and avoids broad, negative generalizations.
"You look great for your age."	"You look great!"	Removes the condescending comparison to other people of the same age.
Silver tsunami	Aging population growth	Uses neutral, factual language instead of a fear-based metaphor.
Still working	Employed, a veteran employee	Removes the surprise that an older person is still working.

Conclusion: Choosing Words with Intention

Mindful language is a crucial tool in combating ageism. By avoiding stereotyping language and embracing specific, person-first terminology, we can foster healthier conversations and contribute to better outcomes for everyone as they age. This is particularly important for those in senior care, family members, and society at large. For more guidance, explore resources like the {Link: National Institute on Aging (NIA) https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2023/12/dont-call-me-old-avoiding-ageism-when-writing-about-aging}.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are terms like 'senior' and 'elderly' considered ageist?

These terms are often considered ageist because they generalize a diverse population into a single, often negatively stereotyped category. They can be dehumanizing and fail to acknowledge the individuality and varied experiences of older adults.

What is 'elderspeak' and why should I avoid it?

Elderspeak is a form of communication that addresses older adults in a patronizing, oversimplified, or childlike manner. It's condescending and can reinforce negative stereotypes, undermining an individual's confidence and sense of competence.

Is it okay to use the term 'elder'?

While 'elderly' is often discouraged, the term 'elder' can be acceptable, especially in contexts where it denotes respect and seniority, as is culturally appropriate for some American Indian/Alaska Native communities. In general use, it's best to confirm the preference of the individual or group.

How can I avoid ageist assumptions in the workplace?

Instead of asking about retirement or assuming older employees lack tech skills, focus on their specific qualifications and contributions. Avoid capping experience years in job postings and training initiatives should be available to everyone, regardless of age.

What should I say instead of 'silver tsunami'?

Rather than using a disaster metaphor like 'silver tsunami,' use neutral, descriptive language such as 'growth of the aging population.' This accurately reflects the demographic shift without implying catastrophe.

Is it ageist to mention someone's age at all?

Mentioning age isn't inherently ageist, but the context matters. When age is relevant, such as in a medical study, it should be stated specifically. When it's not relevant, like in a casual introduction, it's often best to omit it to avoid reinforcing stereotypes.

What's the best way to correct someone who is using ageist language?

Approach the conversation with tact and in private. For example, you might share something you've learned about using respectful language regarding aging.