The Case for “Older Adults” in General Usage
In most contemporary contexts, especially in media, healthcare, and academia, the term "older adults" is the accepted standard. Organizations like the National Institutes of Health and the Associated Press have officially adopted this terminology to promote respectful, person-first language. The word "adult" affirms a person's agency, experience, and full personhood, regardless of age. In contrast, older terms such as "elderly" or "seniors" can often carry negative baggage, implying frailty, dependence, or a diminished mental state.
Why “Older Adults” Reduces Ageism
Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice against individuals or groups on the basis of their age. The language we use can either reinforce or combat these harmful stereotypes. By describing a person as an "older adult," we are not labeling their entire identity based on their age. Instead, it is a factual, neutral descriptor. This small linguistic shift helps reframe how we think and talk about aging, moving away from a negative, fatalistic view and towards one that recognizes aging as a normal and valuable part of the human experience. This change is not merely an exercise in political correctness but a meaningful effort to reduce the real, documented negative effects of ageism on older people's health and well-being.
Appropriate Uses of "Elder"
While "older adults" is the go-to for general and professional communication, the term "elder" is not obsolete. It maintains distinct and important uses, particularly in specific cultural, familial, and organizational contexts. The key is understanding when its use is appropriate and when it might be misconstrued.
Familial and Cultural Contexts
Within many families and certain cultural traditions, the term "elder" is used as a specific marker of seniority and respect. It distinguishes between siblings or generations in a way that implies a hierarchical position of authority or reverence. For many American Indian and Alaska Native communities, for example, "elder" is a culturally appropriate and preferred term, often reserved for respected community leaders. The reverence suggested by this usage is distinct from the general, less specific connotations often associated with older age.
Organizational and Religious Settings
"Elder" also functions as a specific title within certain organizations and religions. For example, some Christian denominations ordain individuals to the position of "elder," a role often involving leadership or pastoral duties. The term "elder statesman" is another example, referring to an eminent and experienced senior member of an organization. In these cases, "elder" signifies a role or status earned through experience and position, rather than being a general descriptor of age.
Comparison: Older Adult vs. Elder
| Aspect | Older Adult | Elder |
|---|---|---|
| General Usage | Preferred in media, healthcare, and academia. | Specific contexts only, can be misunderstood elsewhere. |
| Implication | Neutral, person-first, affirming of adulthood. | Implies seniority, respect, and authority; sometimes linked to spiritual or cultural roles. |
| Applicability | Broad, for general population over a certain age. | Specific to certain family, cultural, or religious groups. |
| Tone | Factual and descriptive. | Often carries a tone of reverence or specific authority. |
| Stereotypes | Actively avoids negative stereotypes associated with age. | Generally positive or respectful, but can be inappropriate if used incorrectly. |
| Authority | Refers only to age, not position. | Refers to position of authority, respect, or seniority. |
The Evolution of Age-Inclusive Language
The shift towards using "older adults" over other terms is part of a larger, ongoing effort to make our language more precise and less biased. Just as terminology around race, gender, and disability has evolved, so too has the way we talk about age. This evolution acknowledges that a single word cannot capture the vast diversity and experience of all people within an age demographic. Older adults today are more active and diverse than ever before, making blanket terms like "elderly" feel inaccurate and limiting. Using specific language, such as "people aged 75 to 84 years," is even more precise and helpful when possible. Ultimately, the conversation around this terminology is a positive one, reflecting a collective move towards greater respect and understanding. For further reading on the impact of language, consult the National Institute on Aging's blog on avoiding ageism.
Conclusion
When deciding between "older adults" and "elder adults," the distinction is clear: "older adults" is the most appropriate and respectful choice for general communication. It avoids the potentially negative and limiting stereotypes of older terms and affirms the individual's personhood. The term "elder," while not inherently wrong, is best reserved for specific cultural, familial, or religious contexts where its meaning of seniority and respect is clearly understood. Choosing the right words is a simple but powerful way to communicate with respect and combat ageism, fostering a more inclusive and accurate representation of a diverse and dynamic population. The overarching principle is to prioritize language that is respectful, accurate, and affirming of an individual's value at every stage of life.
Keypoints
- Use "older adults" for general communication: Organizations like the NIH and AP Stylebook recommend "older adults" for its neutral, person-first, and respectful tone.
- Avoid negative stereotypes: Traditional terms such as "elderly" and "seniors" can imply frailty or diminish personhood, contributing to ageism.
- Reserve "elder" for specific contexts: The term "elder" is culturally appropriate in some communities, including American Indian and Alaska Native groups, and for designating seniority within a family or organization.
- Aim for specificity: For more clarity, especially in professional contexts like healthcare or research, use a specific age or age range, such as "people aged 65 to 75".
- Embrace inclusive language: The shift towards person-first, respectful language is part of a broader evolution aimed at reducing bias and accurately representing diverse populations.
