Why the Term "Elderly" is Outdated
Over the past several decades, the term "elderly" has fallen out of favor in professional and mainstream usage. The primary reason is that it is often associated with negative stereotypes, implying a state of frailty, incompetence, or illness. It groups a diverse population into a single, monolithic category, which fails to recognize the individuality and vast range of health, activity, and contribution among people over a certain age. Ageism, a form of prejudice based on age, is a pervasive issue with real consequences for older adults' mental and physical health. By shifting away from terms like "elderly," we can help dismantle these ageist biases and foster a more respectful society.
The Negative Impact of Ageist Language
Using ageist language, even unintentionally, can reinforce harmful stereotypes. Phrases that seem benign on the surface, such as "sweet old lady" or referring to a group as "the aged," can minimize a person's identity and reduce them to their age. Studies have shown that constant exposure to negative age stereotypes can have a measurable impact on older adults' health and wellbeing, associating it with poorer physical and mental health outcomes. Promoting respectful terminology is a proactive way to counter these misguided assumptions about the later stages of life.
Preferred Alternatives: A Guide to Respectful Language
Medical, journalistic, and academic style guides have all converged on a set of neutral and inclusive terms. The key is to be specific when possible and default to a person-first approach.
- Older Adults/Older People/Older Persons: This is the most widely recommended and accepted general term. It is neutral, non-patronizing, and avoids negative stereotypes.
- People over a specific age: When appropriate, being specific about an age range (e.g., "people over 65" or "adults aged 75 to 84") is highly accurate and informative. This is particularly useful in a medical or research context.
- Senior/Senior Citizen: While these terms are still in use, many older adults find them patronizing or dated. The Associated Press and other guides now recommend "older adults" as the preferred alternative. Use with caution and only if you know the individual prefers it.
- Elders: This term carries significant cultural and spiritual weight, especially within American Indian/Alaska Native communities, where it is a respectful designation for tribal leaders and respected community members. It should be avoided in a generalized context to prevent appropriation and to honor its specific meaning.
- Retiree: In some contexts, referring to an individual by a stage of life, such as "retiree," can be a more specific and preferred descriptor than an age-based term.
Navigating Nuance: When and How to Use the Right Words
Choosing the right words is about more than just avoiding offense; it's about accuracy and respect. Here are some situations and tips for navigating respectful language:
- Avoid Making Assumptions: Do not assume that an older person has a hearing impairment or a cognitive issue. Speak to them in a normal tone and volume, and always maintain a respectful manner.
- Focus on the Person, Not Just the Age: When referring to an individual with a health condition, use person-first language. For example, instead of "a diabetic senior," say "an older person with diabetes." This acknowledges their identity before their condition.
- Ask for Preferences: The most respectful approach is always to ask someone directly what they prefer to be called. Individual preferences are diverse, and personal choice should be the ultimate guide.
- Consider the Context: In general writing or conversation, "older adults" is a safe and inclusive term. In a professional setting, referencing specific data points like age ranges is best. In a personal conversation with a loved one, their preference is paramount.
Words to Avoid and Why
- "Geriatric": This is a medical term that refers to the branch of medicine dealing with older people. It should not be used to describe individuals or a group of people.
- "Senile" / "Senility": These are outdated and offensive terms when referring to older adults. Instead, use more specific and accurate medical terms when discussing cognitive health issues.
- "Of a certain age" / "Golden years": These euphemisms can be patronizing and suggest there is something shameful or undesirable about aging.
- "Young at heart" / "X years young": While often intended as a compliment, these phrases imply that being "old" is inherently negative. Healthy aging should be seen as a positive, normal part of life.
Comparison of Terminology
To illustrate the shift in language, here is a comparison of outdated versus preferred terminology.
| Outdated Terms | Preferred/Acceptable Alternatives |
|---|---|
| The elderly | Older adults, older people, persons aged 65 and over |
| Senior citizen | Older person, mature adult |
| The aged | Older populations, individuals 65+ |
| A geriatric patient | An older patient |
| Frail and vulnerable | Specific descriptors based on the individual's situation |
| In their 'golden years' | In their retirement, in later life, a specific life stage |
| "Looks great for their age" | "You look great," or a genuine compliment not tied to age |
The Power of Language in Combating Ageism
Ageism is a societal problem that language can help address. By consciously choosing respectful and inclusive words, we can change the narrative around aging and challenge common misconceptions. This shift is part of a broader movement towards celebrating life at all stages and treating every individual with dignity and respect. It's not about being overly sensitive; it's about being accurate, thoughtful, and compassionate.
Moving forward, embracing respectful language will not only improve how we communicate but also foster a more inclusive and empathetic society for people of all ages. For further guidance on avoiding ageist language and promoting positive aging, visit the National Institute on Aging's blog, which provides a wealth of resources on this topic. By educating ourselves and making a conscious effort, we can all contribute to a more respectful dialogue around aging. National Institute on Aging: Avoiding ageism when writing about aging.
Conclusion: Fostering a Respectful Dialogue
In conclusion, opting for terms like "older adults" or "older people" over "elderly" is more than a matter of political correctness—it's a step toward acknowledging the diversity and value of individuals at every stage of life. This intentional shift in language promotes dignity, combats ageist stereotypes, and creates a more positive framework for understanding the aging process. By using specific, person-first, and respectful language, we contribute to a more inclusive world where age is not a label but simply a characteristic.
