How do you describe older adults? Using respectful and age-inclusive language

Research from the National Institute on Aging has shown that ageism, or prejudice against older individuals, is linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This reality highlights the profound importance of choosing respectful and thoughtful language when considering "How do you describe older adults?" Moving beyond outdated or biased terms is a crucial step toward fostering a more inclusive and dignified perception of aging.

Quick Summary

This article explores modern guidelines and best practices for describing older people respectfully and without bias. It examines why certain terms are considered ageist and offers alternative phrasing based on recommendations from major medical and psychological associations.

Key Points

• Neutral Terminology: Favor neutral and specific terms like "older adults" or "people over age 65" over generalizations such as "the elderly" or "seniors".

• Avoid Ageist Language: Stay away from terms and attitudes that perpetuate negative stereotypes or fatalistic views about aging, such as "over the hill" or the "silver tsunami".

• Focus on the Individual: Prioritize person-first language by describing individuals based on their identity, experience, and personal characteristics rather than their age.

• Use Positive Adjectives Thoughtfully: If age is relevant, use positive and respectful adjectives like "seasoned," "experienced," or "venerable," being mindful of condescending undertones.

• Combat Ageism: Intentional word choice helps challenge prejudice against older people (ageism) and promotes a more positive and dignified view of the aging process.

• Emphasize Dignity and Respect: Frame conversations and descriptions in a way that respects an individual's autonomy, privacy, and preferences, honoring their unique life experiences.

• Consider Context: Recognize that the most appropriate term can vary by context and culture, and that being specific is generally better than using broad, less nuanced terms.

Why Age-Inclusive Language Matters

Language is a powerful tool that shapes perception. When discussing older individuals, the words and phrases we use can either reinforce harmful stereotypes or promote a more accurate, dignified view of aging. Many traditional terms like "senior citizen," "the elderly," and "the aged" have come under scrutiny from organizations like the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the Gerontological Society of America. These terms are often viewed as overly simplistic, "othering," and can carry negative connotations that do not reflect the wide diversity of experiences within this demographic.

Choosing age-inclusive language helps combat ageism, which is prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their age. By being intentional with our word choice, we can help shift cultural perceptions of aging toward one that is more positive and celebratory of the experience and wisdom that comes with time. Ultimately, using respectful language is a key component of treating older adults with dignity and valuing their individual contributions to society.

Preferred Terminology and Alternatives

Leading professional organizations and advocates for older adults recommend using specific, person-first language whenever possible. This approach focuses on the individual rather than a label, recognizing that an older adult is a person first. Instead of broad generalizations, it is more accurate and respectful to specify a person's age or situation when relevant.

Examples of Age-Inclusive Language

• Preferred: Older adults, older persons, older people.
• Alternative: People 65 years and older, people aged 75 to 84.
• Person-first: A person with dementia, not a demented person.
• Specific: A veteran teacher, a seasoned professional.
• Positive Framing: The increasing number of older adults, not "the silver tsunami".

By adopting these practices, communicators can ensure they are being respectful and accurate. The goal is to move past blanket terms and see the individual's unique identity, rather than reducing them to their age.

Comparison of Age-Related Language

Terminology Category	Examples to Avoid	Preferred Alternatives	Rationale for Change
General Group Labels	"The elderly," "senior citizens," "the aged," "seniors"	"Older adults," "older people," "older persons," "people over 65"	Avoids generalization and negative stereotypes; acknowledges the diversity of the population.
Medical Terminology	"Geriatric" (as a descriptor for a person)	"Person with age-related health concerns" or specific medical diagnosis	"Geriatric" refers to a field of medicine, not a personal description. It can be stigmatizing and medicalizing.
Euphemisms	"Golden-agers," "past their prime," "over the hill"	"Seasoned," "experienced," "venerable" (context-dependent)	These terms can be condescending or imply a universal experience that may not be true for all older people.
Slang and Pejoratives	"Old-timer," "geezer," "old coot"	Respectful, individualized address	These terms are overtly derogatory and dehumanizing.

Honoring Experience and Individuality

The most effective way to describe older adults is by focusing on their individual characteristics and achievements. Instead of relying on age-based stereotypes, highlight their roles as grandparents, veterans, artists, teachers, or active community members. Recognizing a person's identity and life story is key to communicating with respect and promoting dignity. As the global population continues to age, fostering an inclusive attitude is more important than ever. This involves not only changing our language but also actively listening to the perspectives of older individuals and valuing their lifelong contributions.

Conclusion

How we describe older adults has a direct and significant impact on both their well-being and broader societal perceptions of aging. By moving away from outdated, generalized terms and embracing precise, person-first, and age-inclusive language, we contribute to a more respectful and equitable society. This mindful approach to communication acknowledges the rich diversity and individuality of older persons, helping to dismantle ageism and promote a more positive view of the entire aging process. Using considerate and dignified language is not just about political correctness; it's about acknowledging the inherent worth and identity of every individual at every stage of life.

An excellent resource for those looking to deepen their understanding of age-inclusive communication is the Age-inclusive language: Are you using it in your writing and everyday speech? article from Washington University's Harvey A. Friedman Center for Aging, which summarizes guidelines from various professional associations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is "senior citizen" no longer the preferred term?

Many organizations and advocates now consider "senior citizen" to be an outdated term because it is a broad generalization that can carry negative or infantilizing connotations. The term does not reflect the diversity and vitality of older adults today, who often find it stigmatizing.

What is wrong with terms like "elderly"?

Like "senior citizen," the term "elderly" is often seen as unspecific and overly simplistic. It can imply frailty or incompetence, which reinforces harmful stereotypes and does not capture the wide range of abilities and lifestyles among older adults. More specific, person-first language is preferred.

When should you use the term "geriatric"?

The term "geriatric" should be reserved for clinical or medical contexts, as it refers specifically to the branch of medicine dealing with the health of older people. It is considered inappropriate to use it as a descriptor for an individual, as it medicalizes and can be stigmatizing.

Is it okay to use positive-sounding terms like "golden-ager"?

While intended to be positive, euphemisms like "golden-ager" can be condescending and imply a one-size-fits-all experience of aging. It's generally better to use neutral, respectful language or to describe an individual based on their specific characteristics, skills, and personality.

What is ageism and how is it related to language?

Ageism is prejudice or discrimination against a person on the basis of their age. Language can reinforce ageism by using stereotypes or othering older individuals. By using respectful, age-inclusive language, we can help dismantle ageism and promote a more dignified view of aging.

How can I be respectful if an older person uses a term like "senior" to describe themselves?

When an individual uses a term for themselves, it is generally respectful to follow their lead. The goal of using age-inclusive language is to avoid perpetuating negative stereotypes, but it is not intended to police how individuals describe their own identity.

Should I avoid mentioning age altogether?

It is not necessary to avoid mentioning age entirely, but it should be done with purpose and precision. Instead of broad labels, use specific descriptions like "people 75 to 84 years of age" when age is relevant to the topic. For general conversation, it is often more respectful to focus on the person's interests and identity rather than their age.