A Gerontological Shift: Redefining 'Old'
In late 2018, a significant announcement from the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG) challenged the conventional wisdom on aging. Citing scientific evidence and changing demographics, the organization declared that, for Italians, the threshold for being considered 'elderly' should be moved from the long-held age of 65 to 75. This decision wasn't arbitrary but was based on the increased physical and cognitive vitality of older Italians, who are living longer and healthier lives than previous generations. The announcement marked a formal recognition of what many in Italy already understood: a vibrant, active 65-year-old no longer fits the old stereotype of an 'old person'.
Life Expectancy and Healthier Lifestyles
Italy boasts one of the highest life expectancies in Europe, with women typically living to 85 and men to their early 80s. This longevity is supported by lifestyle factors that contribute to healthy aging, such as a nutritious Mediterranean diet, close family ties, and an active social life. The SIGG's research revealed that many Italians between 60 and 75 remain in excellent health, delaying the onset of age-related diseases. This positive trend in health and longevity is the foundation for rethinking the definition of old age within Italian society.
The Cultural Perception of Aging
Beyond official pronouncements, Italian culture has long embraced and respected its elders. Seniors, or gli anziani, are revered for their wisdom (saggezza) and continue to play active, vital roles within their families and communities. Unlike many Western cultures that idealize youth, Italy often views aging as a beautiful journey filled with wisdom and experience.
Family and Community Involvement
- Central Role of Family: Grandparents are often heavily involved in raising grandchildren, providing childcare, and offering support to their adult children. Family gatherings and meals are a central part of life, ensuring seniors feel connected and valued.
- Active Social Life: It's common to see anziani enjoying daily rituals like the passeggiata (a leisurely evening stroll), meeting friends for coffee at a local bar, or playing cards in a town square. These routines contribute significantly to their mental and social well-being.
- Respected Mentors: With their life experience and wisdom, older Italians are seen as important mentors and storytellers. Younger generations actively seek their guidance and knowledge.
Retirement and the Shifting Landscape
While the gerontological definition of 'old' has changed, practical markers like retirement age also play a role in defining this life stage. The official retirement age in Italy is 67, though this is a dynamic figure that continues to be debated and adjusted. In contrast to the redefined elderly age of 75, retirement at 67 marks a significant life transition from the workforce. However, many Italian seniors continue to work part-time or remain involved in business, viewing retirement as a new chapter rather than a full cessation of productive life.
Comparison: Old Age in Italy vs. the U.S.
| Factor | Italy | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Gerontological Definition of Old | Starts at 75 (redefined by SIGG) | No single, universally accepted definition; often culturally considered 65+ |
| Life Expectancy | Higher, particularly for women (average 85 years) | Lower than Italy's, varies by state and demographic |
| Cultural Perception | High respect for elders; valued family members and community pillars | Often youth-centric, with pressure to remain young; can be more individualistic |
| Family Support | Strong familial bonds; extensive multi-generational support networks | Less emphasis on multi-generational households; more reliance on formal care |
| Social Activity | Highly social and community-oriented, with strong routines like the passeggiata | Social engagement varies widely; less emphasis on daily community rituals |
The Realities of Aging in Italy
Despite the positive cultural view, aging in Italy isn't without its challenges. Research from Pew highlighted that older Italians are more likely than their German or American counterparts to report physical limitations and sadness as major problems. Publicly funded long-term care services face significant inadequacies, often pushing families to rely on private and sometimes irregular care arrangements. Geographic disparities also exist, with care services and expenditures varying dramatically between northern and southern regions.
The Path Forward for Healthy Italian Aging
For Italy, embracing the redefined age of 75 as 'elderly' means continuing to prioritize health and social engagement for its older population. The positive cultural view of elders as integral members of society must be supported by policy and public services. Strengthening public home care services and ensuring equitable access across all regions will be critical for the growing elderly population. It also emphasizes the importance of supporting mental health, particularly in the later years. The ongoing cultural appreciation of wisdom and active participation remains a powerful asset, but it must be matched with a robust infrastructure to ensure all Italians can age with dignity and support. For a broader look at the Italian demographic landscape, the ISTAT website provides comprehensive data and reports.
Conclusion
In Italy, the question of what age is considered old is not just a statistical query but a reflection of a society that values experience and resilience. While the official gerontological definition now begins at 75, the true measure of age is often found in an individual's continued vitality, social engagement, and central role within the family. This evolving perception reflects both the positive health trends and the enduring cultural values that make Italy a unique place to grow old.
