A History of Aging and Language
Language is a powerful tool that reflects societal values and biases. The terms used to refer to older adults have changed significantly throughout history, from positions of high respect to widespread stereotyping. In many ancient cultures, elders were revered as keepers of wisdom and tradition. The rise of industrialization and a focus on youth-driven productivity, however, began to shift this perception, giving way to the ageist attitudes and derogatory slang that persist today.
The Spectrum of Slang: From Neutral to Derogatory
When we ask what are old people called in slang, we uncover a rich, albeit often uncomfortable, history. It’s important to categorize these terms to understand their context and impact. Slang terms can be roughly divided into several groups based on their tone and implication.
Playful and Affectionate Terms
Some slang terms are used in a familial or informal context and are not intended to be offensive. These can include:
- Old-timer: A classic term often used to describe someone with a long history or much experience in a particular place or activity.
- Gramps/Granny: Familial nicknames that can be used endearingly, though their use outside a family context can be patronizing.
- The 'Golden Agers': A euphemistic term that refers to the 'golden years' of retirement, portraying aging in a positive, aspirational light.
Outdated and Potentially Offensive Terms
This category includes terms that are often rooted in stereotypes about physical or mental decline associated with aging. While some may use them casually, they can be offensive.
- Geezer: An informal term for an old man, often with negative connotations of being eccentric or crotchety. The etymology is unclear, but its usage is often disparaging.
- Old Fogey: A term for an old person, especially one who is old-fashioned or stubborn.
- Crone/Hag: Derogatory terms historically used for older women, rooted in misogynistic views and often implying ugliness or meanness.
- Blue-hair: A term that references the hair color some older women dye their hair, often used dismissively or mockingly.
Institutional and Clinical Euphemisms
Beyond casual slang, there are also euphemisms that are or were used in professional contexts but have since been deemed inappropriate. These often serve to 'other' older adults.
- Geriatric: While a valid clinical term in medicine, its use as a noun to describe a person is dehumanizing. As with many medical labels, using it to define a person rather than a condition can be harmful.
- Senior Citizen: Once a widely accepted, respectful term, it has increasingly fallen out of favor as many older adults find it institutional and generalizing. It can imply a dependent, rather than a contributing, member of society.
The Psychological and Social Impact of Ageist Language
Ageist language isn't just about words; it has tangible, negative consequences. The constant barrage of negative stereotypes, whether from slang or media, can become internalized by older adults. This phenomenon, known as stereotype threat, can lead to decreased self-esteem, poorer cognitive performance, and even worse physical health outcomes. Ageist language can also lead to systemic discrimination, affecting employment opportunities, healthcare treatment, and social inclusion.
Towards Respectful and Inclusive Language
Recognizing the harm in derogatory or outdated slang is the first step toward change. Organizations like the National Institute on Aging advocate for specific, person-first language to promote respectful communication. Instead of relying on generalized terms or slang, they recommend focusing on individuals and their unique qualities.
- Use Specific Age Ranges: Instead of 'seniors,' specify 'adults aged 65 to 75' when applicable.
- Use Neutral Terms: 'Older adults,' 'older people,' or 'people over 65' are preferred terms in professional and respectful discourse.
- Avoid Euphemisms: Phrases like 'golden years' or 'dynamically mature' often sugarcoat the realities of aging and can be condescending.
- Person-First Language: Say 'a person with dementia,' not 'a dementia patient.' This emphasizes the individual over their condition.
Here's a comparison of common terms and their modern alternatives.
| Term to Avoid | Potential Connotation | Recommended Alternative | Reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geezer | Eccentric, grumpy, old man | Older man, individual's name | Avoids negative stereotypes and focuses on the person. |
| Elderly | Frail, dependent, institutional | Older adult, older person | 'Elderly' can imply frailty and dependency, while 'older adult' is a neutral descriptor. |
| Old Fogey | Out-of-touch, old-fashioned | Older person with traditional views | Provides specific and non-judgmental description. |
| Senior Citizen | Institutional, group identity | Older adult, person over 65 | 'Senior Citizen' can feel impersonal and can be rejected by many individuals. |
The Role of Context and Intent
It is crucial to remember that context and intent matter. While some slang terms are inherently derogatory, others depend on the relationship between the speakers. A younger adult calling a stranger a 'geezer' is almost always offensive, but two friends might affectionately tease each other with a similar term. The shift towards respectful language is about awareness and understanding the potential for harm, even when none is intended. Promoting positive perceptions of aging starts with the words we choose.
Conclusion
Ultimately, understanding what are old people called in slang is more than a simple vocabulary lesson. It's a window into our collective biases about aging. By recognizing the origins and impact of ageist language, and by making a conscious effort to use more respectful and specific terminology, we can foster a more inclusive and empathetic society for everyone, regardless of age. Let's move beyond tired, often hurtful, slang and embrace language that honors the individuality and experience of older adults.
For more insight into the history of ageism and its impact on language, read this excellent article from HelpGuide.org.
