Why Terminology Matters in Senior Care
Using respectful and modern terminology when referring to older adults is a critical component of healthy aging and senior care. Language can either perpetuate stereotypes or empower individuals by recognizing their personhood beyond their age. Outdated terms can carry stigmas of dependency, frailty, or being out of touch, which can be hurtful and misleading. Embracing inclusive language is a way to combat ageism and promote a more respectful and equitable society for people of all ages.
Inclusive and Preferred Terms
Several recent studies and style guides have moved toward more inclusive language. The shift reflects a growing understanding that older adults are not a monolithic group but individuals with diverse experiences, capabilities, and life stages. The Associated Press, American Medical Association, and American Psychological Association have all issued guidance recommending specific alternatives to traditional terms.
- Older Adults/Older People: This is the most widely recommended and accepted general term. It is neutral, person-first, and avoids the negative connotations associated with more traditional labels. It correctly places the individual's humanity first, with 'older' simply being a descriptive modifier.
- Mature Adults: This term is also well-received by many. It suggests wisdom and experience rather than simply focusing on age, which many find more respectful and empowering.
- By Specific Age Range: When possible, being specific can be the most accurate and respectful option. Instead of a general label, one could refer to "people aged 75 to 84" or "adults over 65".
- Individual's Name: The most respectful option is often to simply use the person's name. This is a practice of basic human courtesy that bypasses any need for a generic label.
Outdated and Avoided Terms
Certain words and phrases, although historically common, are now considered outdated or even offensive by many and should be avoided in most contexts.
- Senior/Senior Citizen: While some older adults may still use these terms themselves, studies indicate they have high disapproval ratings among younger older adults. Originally linked to social security benefits, they can feel institutional and out of touch. The phrase is also often seen as "othering," separating older individuals from the rest of society.
- The Elderly: This term is strongly discouraged. It treats older adults as a single, homogenous group defined by age and is often associated with frailty and decline. It is not person-first and can be dehumanizing.
- Golden Agers: This is often seen as a patronizing or overly cutesy term that many older adults dislike.
- Elders: While this term can have positive, respectful connotations in certain cultures (e.g., American Indian/Alaska Native communities), it can be inappropriate or unwanted as a general term.
- Geriatric: The word 'geriatric' refers to a branch of medicine and should not be used to describe individuals or groups of people.
The Psychology of Language and Aging
Ageist language reinforces negative stereotypes and can negatively impact an individual's self-perception and mental health. When people internalize negative messages about aging, it can lead to worse health outcomes, both physical and mental. Conversely, using empowering language that focuses on personhood and capability rather than age can have a positive effect. It helps challenge societal biases and allows individuals to feel valued and respected. This is why many organizations focused on healthy aging advocate for person-first language.
How to Choose the Right Term
Choosing the right term can feel tricky, but following a few simple principles makes it easier:
- Ask if you're unsure. When possible, simply ask the person what they prefer to be called. This is the most direct and respectful approach.
- Use person-first language. Always prioritize the individual over a label. Refer to "an older adult" rather than "the elderly."
- Be specific. If context allows, use an age range (e.g., "people in their 70s") or even better, just refer to the person by name.
- Listen and observe. Pay attention to how people refer to themselves and others in their community. Their own word choice can be your best guide.
Comparison of Terminology
| Term | Connotation | Perception | Use Case | Recommended? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Older Adult | Neutral, Person-First | Inclusive, Respectful | General reference | Yes |
| Mature Adult | Positive, Experienced | Flattering, Respectful | General reference | Yes |
| Specific Age | Factual, Precise | Informative, Respectful | Medical/Research contexts | Yes |
| Senior/Senior Citizen | Outdated, Institutional | Stigmatizing, "Othering" | Be aware of individual preference | Use with caution |
| The Elderly | Negative, Homogenous | Dehumanizing, Offensive | Never | No |
| Golden Ager | Patronizing, Insincere | Insulting | Never | No |
Conclusion: The Power of Respectful Communication
Understanding what do seniors prefer to be called is more than just a matter of semantics; it's a fundamental aspect of respectful and compassionate communication in senior care and healthy aging. As societal views on aging evolve, so must our language. The shift away from generic, potentially stigmatizing labels like 'senior' and 'the elderly' towards person-first, inclusive terms like 'older adults' is a positive step. By adopting this intentional and respectful approach to communication, we can help build a more inclusive society that celebrates and values individuals throughout their entire lifespan.
For more information on combating ageism and promoting respectful communication, a valuable resource is the National Institute on Aging which offers extensive guidance on the topic(https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2023/12/dont-call-me-old-avoiding-ageism-when-writing-about-aging).
