What is the correct term for the elderly? Understanding age-inclusive language

According to the National Institute on Aging, language choice can either reinforce or challenge harmful stereotypes about older people, impacting their mental and physical health. Understanding what is the correct term for the elderly is a crucial step toward respectful, age-inclusive communication that benefits everyone.

Quick Summary

The most respectful and widely accepted terms to use are "older adults" or "older people," as the word "elderly" often carries negative, ageist connotations. Using person-first language and acknowledging the diversity of the aging experience are key to modern, respectful communication.

Key Points

• Preferred Terms: The most respectful terms are "older adults" or "older people," as they are neutral and avoid negative stereotypes.

• Avoid Outdated Language: Outdated terms like "elderly," "seniors," or "the aged" can be demeaning and contribute to ageism.

• Use Person-First Language: Frame your language to emphasize the person, not their age or condition (e.g., "a person with dementia" instead of "the demented").

• Combat Ageism: Mindful language helps combat ageism, which negatively impacts older adults' health and overall quality of life.

• Increase Specificity: Be as specific as possible, referring to individuals by their name or a specific age range if relevant, rather than a broad, generalizing label.

• Promote Respectful Communication: Adopting new terminology is a critical step in promoting age-inclusive communication and fostering a more equitable society for all ages.

• Consider the Context: In different settings, such as specific medical fields (geriatrics), certain terms may have different, technical meanings. However, for general use, "older adults" is the best practice.

The Problem with the Term 'Elderly'

The term "elderly" has been used for many years, but it is now widely considered outdated and can be offensive. Experts in aging and many older adults object to its use because it often implies frailty, dependency, and decline, which doesn't reflect the reality of the diverse older population. Using terms like "the elderly" or "seniors" can group individuals into a single, often stereotyped category, a form of ageism. Ageist language has negative effects on older adults' mental and physical health. By changing our language, we can help to challenge these biases.

The Impact of Ageist Language

Ageist language can lead to older adults internalizing stereotypes about aging, affecting how they see themselves. In healthcare, it can hinder communication and lead to less effective treatment if symptoms are dismissed as just part of aging. In workplaces and media, ageism can limit opportunities and perpetuate inaccurate, negative portrayals of aging.

The Preferred Terminology: A Guide to Respectful Language

As our understanding of aging changes, so does the language we should use. Choosing more precise and respectful terms is vital for age-inclusive communication.

The Rise of 'Older Adults' and 'Older People'

Leading organizations such as the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the Gerontological Society of America recommend using "older adults" or "older people". These terms are seen as more neutral and respectful, focusing on the individual as an adult, with age being just one aspect of their identity.

The Importance of Specificity

Whenever possible, it's better to be specific. Instead of a general term like "the older adult population," refer to a specific age range if relevant, such as "adults aged 65-75". When referring to individuals, using their name is the most respectful approach.

Comparing Age-Inclusive vs. Outdated Language

Age-Inclusive Terms	Outdated/Problematic Terms
Older Adults	The Elderly
Older People	Senior Citizens
People aged 65 and older	The Aged
A person living with dementia	Senile
People in their later years	Golden-Agers
A person with Alzheimer's disease	Sufferer of Alzheimer's

Adopting a Person-First Approach

Using person-first language is crucial for respectful communication. This involves emphasizing the person rather than a condition or characteristic.

• Person with a condition: Say "a person living with Alzheimer's disease," not "the Alzheimer's patient."
• Person with a disability: Say "an older adult with a disability," not "the handicapped senior."
• Person with a challenge: Say "a person experiencing frailty," not "the frail elderly."

This approach respects the individual's dignity and humanity, preventing them from being defined solely by their health or age.

Addressing Ageist Stereotypes

Beyond avoiding specific words, it's important to challenge the stereotypes behind ageism. Don't assume older adults lack tech skills or are in poor health. Treat each person as an individual with unique experiences. Avoid patronizing language, known as "elderspeak," which uses overly simple words or a high-pitched tone, as this can be demeaning and affect self-esteem.

The Future of Healthy Aging and Terminology

As the population ages, the discussion about terminology will continue. Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) are working to promote age-inclusive language and combat ageism globally. The WHO's "Global report on ageism" highlights the importance of respectful language for promoting healthy aging. By staying informed and choosing our words carefully, we can help create a society that values all ages.

Education and Awareness

Educating people about age-inclusive language is key. This can involve:

1. Workshops: Training for professionals in healthcare, media, and caregiving.
2. Public Campaigns: Raising awareness about ageism and promoting positive images of aging.
3. Style Guides: Encouraging media and publishers to adopt current terminology.
4. Intergenerational Dialogue: Creating opportunities for different generations to interact and break down stereotypes.

Conclusion

The language we use significantly influences our perceptions. Choosing respectful terms for older adults goes beyond political correctness; it's essential for a more inclusive society. Moving from outdated terms like "the elderly" to empowering language like "older adults" helps challenge stereotypes, promote dignity, and celebrate the diversity of aging. This shift in communication is a small but powerful step towards a culture of respect for individuals at every stage of life. For further reading and resources on age-inclusive communication, visit the National Institute on Aging website.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is "older adults" a better term than "elderly"?

The term "older adults" is preferred because it is more neutral and respectful. "Elderly" often carries negative and stereotypical connotations of frailty, dependency, and decline, which do not accurately represent the diverse older population.

Is it okay to use the term "senior citizen"?

While still common, "senior citizen" is increasingly considered outdated and can be seen as patronizing by some older adults. Many prefer the more inclusive and less categorizing terms "older adults" or "older people".

What is ageism and how does language contribute to it?

Ageism is discrimination or prejudice based on a person's age. Language contributes to it by reinforcing stereotypes and negative perceptions of aging through the use of demeaning or outdated terms, which can impact an older person's mental and physical well-being.

How can I avoid being disrespectful when speaking to an older person?

Address them with respect, as you would any other adult, and avoid using "elderspeak"—that is, a patronizing tone or overly simple language. Use their name if you know it, and prioritize their individuality over any assumptions based on their age.

What should I say instead of "suffering from" a disease?

Use person-first language to acknowledge the person's identity beyond their illness. For example, instead of "suffering from diabetes," say "a person living with diabetes" or "a person diagnosed with diabetes".

Why is it important to use respectful language for older adults?

Respectful and inclusive language helps combat ageism and promotes a more positive and dignified view of aging. It recognizes the diversity and value of the older population, which is beneficial for both their self-perception and their health outcomes.

Do all older people dislike being called "elderly"?

Not all older adults will take offense, but research shows that the term is largely disliked among older populations and is rejected by major professional and scientific organizations. Using "older adults" is a safer, more respectful, and more widely accepted approach.