What Is the Politically Correct Way to Say Older People?

In the U.S., older adults age 65 and over represented 17.3% of the population in 2022, highlighting the growing importance of respectful communication. The discussion around what is the politically correct way to say older people? has grown, driven by a deeper understanding of language and its impact on age-related biases.

Quick Summary

The most widely accepted and respectful terminology for referring to this demographic is 'older adults' or 'older people,' as recommended by major style guides and health organizations. Using person-first language and being specific whenever possible is key to avoiding negative stereotypes and ageism.

Key Points

• Preferred Terminology: The most respectful and accepted terms are 'older adults' or 'older people,' as endorsed by major style guides and health organizations.

• Specific is Best: Whenever possible, use a specific age range (e.g., 'adults 75 and older') to avoid broad generalizations.

• Avoid Outdated Labels: Words like 'elderly,' 'senior citizen,' and 'the aged' are often considered outdated and stereotyping; it's best to avoid them.

• Be Person-First: Frame language around the person, not their age or condition (e.g., 'a person with dementia,' not 'a geriatric').

• Actions Matter: Beyond words, demonstrate respect through active listening, patience, and avoiding condescending or infantilizing tones.

• Ask for Preference: The most respectful approach is to ask individuals how they prefer to be addressed, as personal preferences vary.

Understanding Ageism and Its Impact on Language

Language is a powerful tool that shapes our perceptions and attitudes. Unconscious biases, known as ageism, can creep into our daily conversations through outdated or insensitive terminology. Ageism, defined as discrimination based on age, is a pervasive social prejudice that has been linked to poorer health outcomes and a reduced quality of life for older individuals. Therefore, consciously choosing our words is a critical step in fostering a more inclusive and respectful society for all ages.

Historically, terms like “the elderly” or “senior citizens” were commonplace, but they often carry negative connotations, grouping a diverse population into a homogenous stereotype. The shift towards more person-centered language reflects a broader societal goal to recognize the individuality, contributions, and dignity of older people. According to the National Institute on Aging, language can either reinforce harmful stereotypes or help promote a positive attitude toward aging.

Preferred Terminology: Older Adults and Specificity

The consensus among leading health and aging organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), American Psychological Association (APA), and the Associated Press (AP), is to use neutral, person-first language. The preferred terms include:

• Older adults
• Older people
• Older persons
• Individuals 65 years and older (or a specific age range)

These terms are less likely to perpetuate negative stereotypes and are seen as more respectful. For example, the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) has mandated the use of “older adult” when describing individuals 65 and older in submitted manuscripts. Using specific age ranges, such as “adults aged 75 to 84,” is even better, as it provides greater clarity and avoids broad generalizations. This level of precision acknowledges that older people are not a monolith, but a diverse group with varied experiences, abilities, and health statuses.

Terminology to Avoid and the Reasons Why

Certain words and phrases, while sometimes well-intentioned, should be avoided as they can inadvertently perpetuate negative attitudes and ageist stereotypes. Here is a list of terms to remove from your vocabulary when speaking about older populations:

• “The elderly”: This term lumps a wide range of people into a single, often negative, category. It tends to infantilize or marginalize older individuals.
• “Senior citizen” / “Seniors”: While still used, many older adults find these terms patronizing or othering, especially when used in a general context rather than for specific program eligibility.
• “The aged” / “The aging”: These phrases categorize individuals by their age alone, ignoring their unique identities and life experiences.
• “Geriatrics” / “Geriatric”: This is a medical term that refers to the branch of medicine dealing with the health of older people. It should not be used to describe individuals or groups in casual conversation.
• Euphemisms: Phrases like “of a certain age” can imply there is something shameful about getting older.
• “Infantilizing terms”: Using condescending language such as “sweetie,” “honey,” or “dear” can be deeply disrespectful and should be avoided unless the relationship dictates such a term.

The Broader Context: Beyond the Terminology

While using the right words is crucial, respectful communication goes beyond mere vocabulary. It involves a shift in mindset and a commitment to seeing older individuals as whole people with vast life experience and continued value. Practices such as active listening, maintaining eye contact, and showing patience are fundamental to genuine connection. It is also important to remember that age is just one aspect of a person’s identity and should not be a defining characteristic. This is particularly relevant in Western cultures, which are often perceived as more ageist than some Eastern cultures, where wisdom and respect for elders are more deeply ingrained.

For a deeper dive into demographic trends, the Administration for Community Living (ACL) offers valuable insights into the older American population. Their annual reports provide data that helps inform policy and promotes a responsive system of care. For example, their 2023 report offers a comprehensive look at this demographic.

Navigating Conversations with Respect

Here are some actionable steps for improving your communication:

1. Ask for preference: When in doubt, simply ask the person how they prefer to be addressed. Some may be comfortable with their first name, while others prefer a title and surname.
2. Speak clearly and avoid shouting: If an individual has a hearing impairment, speak clearly and slightly louder, but avoid shouting. Also, ensure you are facing them so they can see your mouth and facial expressions.
3. Encourage storytelling: Ask open-ended questions to invite them to share their rich life experiences. Questions like, “What was your first job?” or “What’s a lesson you’ve learned that younger people should know?” can build genuine connection.
4. Avoid generalizations: Treat the person as an individual rather than as a representative of their age group. They are defined by their unique life, not a number.
5. Focus on shared interests: Steer conversations toward hobbies, current events, or other topics of mutual interest, rather than focusing solely on medical or care-related issues.

Comparing Inclusive vs. Outdated Age Terminology

Outdated Terminology	Reason to Avoid	Inclusive Terminology	Reason to Prefer
The Elderly	Connotes stereotype, often implies frailty	Older Adults / Older People	Neutral, person-first language
Senior Citizen	Can be patronizing and "othering"	Individuals 65+	Specific, factual, and neutral
Geriatric	A medical term, inappropriate for non-medical use	Person with [Condition]	Person-first, focuses on individual
Sweetie / Honey	Infantilizing, condescending	Use First Name / Preferred Title	Respectful and dignifying

Conclusion

Respectful communication is an ongoing process of learning and adapting, and the politically correct way to say older people has evolved to reflect a greater understanding of ageism. By choosing person-first terms like “older adults,” being specific when possible, and avoiding outdated labels, we can help dismantle stereotypes and foster a more inclusive dialogue. The focus should always be on the individual's dignity, experience, and value, celebrating aging as a normal and enriching part of the human experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is 'elderly' no longer considered a politically correct way to say older people?

The term 'elderly' is often viewed as outdated and can carry negative connotations associated with frailty, dependence, and decline. It's also a broad term that stereotypes a diverse population into a single, often pitying, category.

Is 'senior citizen' an appropriate term?

While still commonly used, 'senior citizen' is often considered patronizing or 'othering' by many older adults. More neutral and person-first alternatives like 'older adults' or 'older people' are generally preferred in most contexts.

What is the best alternative to using a general term for older people?

If possible, use a specific age range (e.g., 'adults over 65') or tailor your language to the specific context. This approach is more accurate and respectful of the individual's experience.

How can I avoid ageism in my language beyond just the correct terms?

Avoiding ageism involves being mindful of your tone and assumptions. Use respectful, non-patronizing language, focus on shared interests rather than age, and practice active listening.

Is it ever okay to use a term like 'elder'?

In general conversation, 'older adult' is safer.

How should I refer to an older person if I don't know their name?

It is best to use neutral language or to simply engage in conversation to learn their name. If a descriptor is absolutely necessary, 'the older gentleman' or 'the older woman' is preferable to outdated terms.

Does using respectful language actually affect older adults?

Yes. Research has shown that ageist language can negatively impact older people's self-esteem and health outcomes. Conversely, using respectful language helps foster positive attitudes toward aging and supports the dignity of older individuals.

Why should I use person-first language, like 'a person with dementia'?

Person-first language emphasizes the individual over their condition or attribute. Instead of defining someone by a diagnosis, it recognizes them as a person first, with dignity and identity that extends beyond their health challenges.